Showing posts with label Theology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Theology. Show all posts

Saturday, January 1, 2022

Miracles

Main points:
  1. Miracles is a controversial topic. Many, if not all, scriptures are filled with description of miracles. Rationalists could consider miracles as an illogical and unrealistic aspect of religion.
  2. A miracle by definition is an event which cannot be explained by natural or physical laws. Not all laws are known today, and many will be discovered in future. So common knowledge of tomorrow may appear a miracle today.
  3. I believe miracles is a non-issue. Miracles are done by God. Once a person has accepted existence of God, the Creator of all there is, then possibility of miracles is always there. There will not be much that a Creator of world is incapable to doing.
  4. In fact, by definition, a God should be able to work miracles, and bend the natural laws. Anyone unable to create or bend laws of nature is not God.
  5. If a person has not accepted existence of an Omnipotent God then the person would not believe in miracles. In this case, belief in existence or non-existence of God has to be resolved first, which is an unsolved and much more important problem than finding out whether miracles exist.
  6. Miracles are not done by human beings (or spirits or other possible entities, if they exist). I believe anyone claiming to work miracles should be met with scepticism. Miracle working by human beings is most likely work of tricks (which is team work, or sleight of hand) or just use of obscure or hidden technology. When a scripture describes a miracle, it always points out that it was a work of God, and not a prophet or saint. A saint or prophet always describe unexplained incidents (miracles) as a work of God.
  7. Having said all of the above things, I believe there still remains a grey area, because my knowledge is limited. There are stories of miracles as an answer to prayers, stories of healing, curses, or other spiritual powers. I believe whatever they are, if they are true, they are based on working of laws not yet clearly known to me and also not known to most other people. Some people claim to understand them, some people claim to have some powers, but there is nothing conclusive in this area, and it is a matter of experimenting oneself and finding out. If these things are true they will be just like building muscles or practising an art form, the more you practice, the better you get. There are laws of prayer, laws of healing, or laws of breathing, etc. Whatever one decides to explore, one should remember that a life is short, and it is better to use it well, than waste it in chasing mirages. I have personally tried prayers and healing, but here too the actual miracle, if it happens, is done by God, as an answer to a prayer. Anybody can pray, but not all prayers are answered - A parent does not buy every toy that a child asks for!
  8. Regarding spiritual powers, I personally believe their only value, if they exist, is satisfying curiosity or performing unexplained tricks in this lifetime (without any eternal value); none of the prophets or saints spent time doing them nor widely taught them, so probably they are not worth spending time on, in my opinion. 
  9. A final word on miracles - there is a concept in eastern spirituality called "Riddhi-Siddhi", which are a group of miraculous spiritual powers. Theoretically, there are many different ways for achieving them, like breath control, meditation, etc, but their utility is limited to current lifetime. They do not bring any eternal benefit to the practitioner, and instead could cause occurrence of incidents which may have adverse consequences for the practitioner in the long term. From a technical perspective these are not miracles, but just practices that have not been widely understood, and there are specific steps of achieving them. But few would be willing to explore and share the learning, as most such systems are based on secrecy, and as with all such things secret, the efficacy of such teachings is doubtful. The best way to achieve these spiritual powers, as per Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, is by hearing and contemplating the Name of God (related verses given in this article). The best protection from such powers is also prayer and chanting the Name of God. From practical perspective it is very unlikely that we will come across a person who possesses these powers, nor is it likely that any of us would come to possess them (maybe not because the methods do not work, but because of lack of trying, motivation, and practice). I have never met such a person (who possesses any such powers), nor I expect to meet anyone. We only hear stories that cannot be verified. Hankering for them is pointless as their utility is limited, and this hankering should be actively avoided as it could actually become a roadblock to real useful spiritual progress, and is more like a unhealthy fixation or ambition. For a monotheistic believer, the Name of God, is the miraculous spiritual power.
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Following verses from Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji present different perspectives on miracles, and my understanding of the same. In recent years there has been a practice of some religious community members to appear practical and rational, and thus they either ignore references to miracles in their own scripture, or say that the text describing miracle is symbolic (and not literal). In an attempt to appear scientific, some ignore their own scripture. Appearing scientific seems fashionable, but science too has plenty of unanswered questions.

But I personally believe anyone who believes in a Monotheistic, All powerful Creator of the world, God, cannot deny possibility of miracles done by God. Surely the Creator of the world should be able to do anything in His creation, bend the laws at will, and answer any prayers should He choose to! But we should always doubt the possibility of a miracle done by a human being, as a human being is bound by natural and physical laws, and for most part there is no reason why a human being can transcend a natural or physical law. 
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Reference verses with commentary:
=1================================================================
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ਮਿਰਤਕ ਕਉ ਜੀਵਾਲਨਹਾਰ ॥

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Translation: 

Gives life to the dead.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 283:30]
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Commentary:

In this verse God is described as someone who is capable of giving life to the dead. If we think about it, God, who is someone who has created the entire world and all the life in it, will obviously be able to influence life and death. 

If a person thinks that God is incapable of making life and death decisions for a person, or is unable to reverse these states, then probably the person does not believe in a God (as per monotheistic faith). A God bound by rules and laws of this world is not God as per monotheism (I have no knowledge of polytheism, and cannot comment on deities of polytheism).

=2================================================================
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ਸੰਡਾ ਮਰਕਾ ਜਾਇ ਪੁਕਾਰੇ ॥
ਪੜੈ ਨਹੀ ਹਮ ਹੀ ਪਚਿ ਹਾਰੇ ॥
ਰਾਮੁ ਕਹੈ ਕਰ ਤਾਲ ਬਜਾਵੈ ਚਟੀਆ ਸਭੈ ਬਿਗਾਰੇ ॥੧॥
ਰਾਮ ਨਾਮਾ ਜਪਿਬੋ ਕਰੈ ॥
ਹਿਰਦੈ ਹਰਿ ਜੀ ਕੋ ਸਿਮਰਨੁ ਧਰੈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਬਸੁਧਾ ਬਸਿ ਕੀਨੀ ਸਭ ਰਾਜੇ ਬਿਨਤੀ ਕਰੈ ਪਟਰਾਨੀ ॥
ਪੂਤੁ ਪ੍ਰਹਿਲਾਦੁ ਕਹਿਆ ਨਹੀ ਮਾਨੈ ਤਿਨਿ ਤਉ ਅਉਰੈ ਠਾਨੀ ॥੨॥
ਦੁਸਟ ਸਭਾ ਮਿਲਿ ਮੰਤਰ ਉਪਾਇਆ ਕਰਸਹ ਅਉਧ ਘਨੇਰੀ ॥
ਗਿਰਿ ਤਰ ਜਲ ਜੁਆਲਾ ਭੈ ਰਾਖਿਓ ਰਾਜਾ ਰਾਮਿ ਮਾਇਆ ਫੇਰੀ ॥੩॥
ਕਾਢਿ ਖੜਗੁ ਕਾਲੁ ਭੈ ਕੋਪਿਓ ਮੋਹਿ ਬਤਾਉ ਜੁ ਤੁਹਿ ਰਾਖੈ ॥
ਪੀਤ ਪੀਤਾਂਬਰ ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਣ ਧਣੀ ਥੰਭ ਮਾਹਿ ਹਰਿ ਭਾਖੈ ॥੪॥
ਹਰਨਾਖਸੁ ਜਿਨਿ ਨਖਹ ਬਿਦਾਰਿਓ ਸੁਰਿ ਨਰ ਕੀਏ ਸਨਾਥਾ ॥
ਕਹਿ ਨਾਮਦੇਉ ਹਮ ਨਰਹਰਿ ਧਿਆਵਹ ਰਾਮੁ ਅਭੈ ਪਦ ਦਾਤਾ ॥੫॥੩॥੯॥
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Translation:
 
Sanda, Marka, go and proclaim,
Does not study, even we are tired, spent,
Says Ram, claps to tune, spoiled all students.1.
Says, I will chant Name,
In heart, keeps remembrance of God.1.pause.
King brought all Earth under control, queen entreats,
Son Prahlad you do not obey, he decided something else for you.2.
Meeting in company of wicked, resolved to increase his age immensely,
Plunged, under water, fire, fear, King Ram protected, transforming nature.3. 
Pulling sword, death, fear, terrible, tell me, who protects you,
The Yellow Robed, Lord of three worlds, within pillar God speaks.4.
One who tore Harnaakash with nails, reassured demigods and men, 
Namdev says, I remember the same Narhar (God), Ram, giver of fearlessness.5.3.9.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1165:18-30] 
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Commentary:

This verse tells story of a devout devotee, Prahlaad. Prahlaad did not focus on learning prescribed by the powerful king, his father, and instead devoted time in practicing devotion to God. The king, Harnaakash, tries to kill his son for disobedience by throwing him off a cliff, into water and into fire. But each time God changes the laws of nature to protect Prahlaad. Finally the king tries to kill Prahlaad with his sword, but God appears and kills the king.

This is a famous story about Bhagat Prahlaad in Indian scriptures, and it has been recounted in the Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji also. I believe multiple versions of story exit. The reason to include this story here is to convey the point that miracles, like divine protection in this story, is the work of God and not of a human being. Second reason to include this story is to illustrate the point that scriptures do talk about miracles.

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ਸੁਲਤਾਨੁ ਪੂਛੈ ਸੁਨੁ ਬੇ ਨਾਮਾ ॥
ਦੇਖਉ ਰਾਮ ਤੁਮ੍ਹ੍ਹਾਰੇ ਕਾਮਾ ॥੧॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਸੁਲਤਾਨੇ ਬਾਧਿਲਾ ॥
ਦੇਖਉ ਤੇਰਾ ਹਰਿ ਬੀਠੁਲਾ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਬਿਸਮਿਲਿ ਗਊ ਦੇਹੁ ਜੀਵਾਇ ॥
ਨਾਤਰੁ ਗਰਦਨਿ ਮਾਰਉ ਠਾਂਇ ॥੨॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ਐਸੀ ਕਿਉ ਹੋਇ ॥
ਬਿਸਮਿਲਿ ਕੀਆ ਨ ਜੀਵੈ ਕੋਇ ॥੩॥
ਮੇਰਾ ਕੀਆ ਕਛੂ ਨ ਹੋਇ ॥
ਕਰਿ ਹੈ ਰਾਮੁ ਹੋਇ ਹੈ ਸੋਇ ॥੪॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹੁ ਚੜ੍ਹ੍ਹਿਓ ਅਹੰਕਾਰਿ ॥
ਗਜ ਹਸਤੀ ਦੀਨੋ ਚਮਕਾਰਿ ॥੫॥
ਰੁਦਨੁ ਕਰੈ ਨਾਮੇ ਕੀ ਮਾਇ ॥
ਛੋਡਿ ਰਾਮੁ ਕੀ ਨ ਭਜਹਿ ਖੁਦਾਇ ॥੬॥
ਨ ਹਉ ਤੇਰਾ ਪੂੰਗੜਾ ਨ ਤੂ ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਇ ॥
ਪਿੰਡੁ ਪੜੈ ਤਉ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਨ ਗਾਇ ॥੭॥
ਕਰੈ ਗਜਿੰਦੁ ਸੁੰਡ ਕੀ ਚੋਟ ॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਉਬਰੈ ਹਰਿ ਕੀ ਓਟ ॥੮॥
ਕਾਜੀ ਮੁਲਾਂ ਕਰਹਿ ਸਲਾਮੁ ॥
ਇਨਿ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਮੇਰਾ ਮਲਿਆ ਮਾਨੁ ॥੯॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਸੁਨੇਹੁ ॥
ਨਾਮੇ ਸਰ ਭਰਿ ਸੋਨਾ ਲੇਹੁ ॥੧੦॥
ਮਾਲੁ ਲੇਉ ਤਉ ਦੋਜਕਿ ਪਰਉ ॥
ਦੀਨੁ ਛੋਡਿ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਕਉ ਭਰਉ ॥੧੧॥
ਪਾਵਹੁ ਬੇੜੀ ਹਾਥਹੁ ਤਾਲ ॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਗਾਵੈ ਗੁਨ ਗੋਪਾਲ ॥੧੨॥
ਗੰਗ ਜਮੁਨ ਜਉ ਉਲਟੀ ਬਹੈ ॥
ਤਉ ਨਾਮਾ ਹਰਿ ਕਰਤਾ ਰਹੈ ॥੧੩॥
ਸਾਤ ਘੜੀ ਜਬ ਬੀਤੀ ਸੁਣੀ ॥
ਅਜਹੁ ਨ ਆਇਓ ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਣ ਧਣੀ ॥੧੪॥
ਪਾਖੰਤਣ ਬਾਜ ਬਜਾਇਲਾ ॥
ਗਰੁੜ ਚੜ੍ਹ੍ਹੇ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਆਇਲਾ ॥੧੫॥
ਅਪਨੇ ਭਗਤ ਪਰਿ ਕੀ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਪਾਲ ॥
ਗਰੁੜ ਚੜ੍ਹ੍ਹੇ ਆਏ ਗੋਪਾਲ ॥੧੬॥
ਕਹਹਿ ਤ ਧਰਣਿ ਇਕੋਡੀ ਕਰਉ ॥
ਕਹਹਿ ਤ ਲੇ ਕਰਿ ਊਪਰਿ ਧਰਉ ॥੧੭॥
ਕਹਹਿ ਤ ਮੁਈ ਗਊ ਦੇਉ ਜੀਆਇ ॥
ਸਭੁ ਕੋਈ ਦੇਖੈ ਪਤੀਆਇ ॥੧੮॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਪ੍ਰਣਵੈ ਸੇਲ ਮਸੇਲ ॥
ਗਊ ਦੁਹਾਈ ਬਛਰਾ ਮੇਲਿ ॥੧੯॥
ਦੂਧਹਿ ਦੁਹਿ ਜਬ ਮਟੁਕੀ ਭਰੀ ॥
ਲੇ ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ਕੇ ਆਗੇ ਧਰੀ ॥੨੦॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹੁ ਮਹਲ ਮਹਿ ਜਾਇ ॥
ਅਉਘਟ ਕੀ ਘਟ ਲਾਗੀ ਆਇ ॥੨੧॥
ਕਾਜੀ ਮੁਲਾਂ ਬਿਨਤੀ ਫੁਰਮਾਇ ॥
ਬਖਸੀ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਮੈ ਤੇਰੀ ਗਾਇ ॥੨੨॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਕਹੈ ਸੁਨਹੁ ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ॥
ਇਹੁ ਕਿਛੁ ਪਤੀਆ ਮੁਝੈ ਦਿਖਾਇ ॥੨੩॥
ਇਸ ਪਤੀਆ ਕਾ ਇਹੈ ਪਰਵਾਨੁ ॥
ਸਾਚਿ ਸੀਲਿ ਚਾਲਹੁ ਸੁਲਿਤਾਨ ॥੨੪॥
ਨਾਮਦੇਉ ਸਭ ਰਹਿਆ ਸਮਾਇ ॥
ਮਿਲਿ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਸਭ ਨਾਮੇ ਪਹਿ ਜਾਹਿ ॥੨੫॥
ਜਉ ਅਬ ਕੀ ਬਾਰ ਨ ਜੀਵੈ ਗਾਇ ॥
ਤ ਨਾਮਦੇਵ ਕਾ ਪਤੀਆ ਜਾਇ ॥੨੬॥
ਨਾਮੇ ਕੀ ਕੀਰਤਿ ਰਹੀ ਸੰਸਾਰਿ ॥
ਭਗਤ ਜਨਾਂ ਲੇ ਉਧਰਿਆ ਪਾਰਿ ॥੨੭॥
ਸਗਲ ਕਲੇਸ ਨਿੰਦਕ ਭਇਆ ਖੇਦੁ ॥
ਨਾਮੇ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ ਨਾਹੀ ਭੇਦੁ ॥੨੮॥੧॥੧੦॥
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Translation: 

Sultan asks, listen O Nam Dev,
Show your Ram's works.1.
Sultan arrested Nam Dev,
Show your God Bithula.1.pause.
Restore life to body of slaughtered cow,
Otherwise I will cut your neck immediately.2.
King how can this happen,
None slaughtered can live again.3.
By my action, nothing can happen,
Actions of Ram, only that happens.4.
King puffed up in pride,
Using ankus, enraged elephant.5.
Nam Dev's mother weeps,
Leave Ram, why not chant Khuda.6.
Neither I am your son, nor you my mother,
Body falls, even then I will sing glory of God.7.
Elephant tries to hit with trunk,
Nama Dev was saved by God's protection.8.
Qazi, Mullah, salute me,
This Hindu trampled my pride.9.
King listen our request,
Take gold equal to Nam Dev's weight.10.
Taking wealth, then fall in Hell,
Leaving faith, amassing world.11.
Fetters on feet, keeping beat with hands,
Nam Dev sings glory of God.12.
If Ganga, Jamuna, flow in reverse,
Then too, Nam Dev, will keep chanting Har.13.
When seven gharhi were heard to pass,
Even now the Lord of the three worlds has not come.14.
Playing the instrument of wings,
Riding eagle God came.15.
Protects His own devotee,
Riding eagle came God.16.
If you say, I will tilt ground sideways,
If you say, I will take and overturn it.17.
If you say, I will give the dead cow life,
Everyone will see and be satisfied.18.
Nam Dev supplicates, fastens hind legs,
Milked cow, uniting calf.19.
Milking milk, when pitcher filled,
Took and kept in front of the king.20.
King goes in the palace,
Time of difficulty came along.21.
Qazi, Mulla, conveyed royal request,
Forgive me Hindu, I am your cow.22.
Nam Dev said, listen king,
This test of faith, did I manifest.23.
This test is only acceptable,
Emperor, walk in truth, humility.24.
Nam Dev saved, pervaded everywhere,
Meeting, all Hindus, go to Nam Dev.25.
If this time, cow did not revive,
Then faith in Nam Dev would have gone.26.
 
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1165:31-51, 1166:1-37] 
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Commentary:

This is another story in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji illustrating a dead cow coming back to life. An apparent miracle, but it was work of God. The king, sultan, challenges Bhagat Nam Dev to show works of his God. King gets a cow killed and challenges Bhagat Nam Dev to bring the cow back to life. King notes that if the cow does not come to life, then he would get the saint killed.

Bhagat Namdev tells the king that only God can do miracles. Finally God appears and brings cow back to life. As king asks for forgiveness, Bhagat Nam Dev tells the king that this test is acceptable only if the king learns to walk and live in truth and humility. This verse also emphasises that miracles are done by God.

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ਹਰਿ ਕੋ ਨਾਮੁ ਸਦਾ ਸੁਖਦਾਈ ॥
ਜਾ ਕਉ ਸਿਮਰਿ ਅਜਾਮਲੁ ਉਧਰਿਓ ਗਨਿਕਾ ਹੂ ਗਤਿ ਪਾਈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਪੰਚਾਲੀ ਕਉ ਰਾਜ ਸਭਾ ਮਹਿ ਰਾਮ ਨਾਮ ਸੁਧਿ ਆਈ ॥
ਤਾ ਕੋ ਦੂਖੁ ਹਰਿਓ ਕਰੁਣਾ ਮੈ ਅਪਨੀ ਪੈਜ ਬਢਾਈ ॥੧॥
ਜਿਹ ਨਰ ਜਸੁ ਕਿਰਪਾ ਨਿਧਿ ਗਾਇਓ ਤਾ ਕਉ ਭਇਓ ਸਹਾਈ ॥
ਕਹੁ ਨਾਨਕ ਮੈ ਇਹੀ ਭਰੋਸੈ ਗਹੀ ਆਨਿ ਸਰਨਾਈ ॥੨॥੧॥
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Translation: 

Name of God forever gives peace,
Remembering whom Ajamal was emancipated, Ganika found salvation.1.pause.
Paanchali in king's court, realized Name of Ram,
Taking away her grief, in His mercy, increased His respect.1.
The person who sings praise of God, The treasure of mercy, God is his succourer,
Speaks Nanak, relying on this, I have come to His protection.2.1.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1008:11-16] 
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Commentary:

This verse highlights another miracle that is widely documented in scriptures of different religions in the Indian sub-continent. Paanchali, a queen, was wagered by her husband in a game of dice and lost. The winners planned to disrespect Paanchali in front of the court, but she prayed to God for help, and God protected her. The details vary from scripture to scripture, and have not been documented in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. But all scriptures agree that God performed a miracle to save a helpless woman in front of the king's entire court. 

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ਨਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਨਿਰਮਲ ਨਾਮੁ ਬੀਚਾਰੁ ॥

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Translation: 

Nine treasures, supernatural powers come by contemplating the pure Name.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 220:33] 

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Commentary:

This verse gives the best way to gain different spiritual powers is by contemplating the Name of God. All Names of God which refer to the supreme creator are precious, and effective. The details of the miraculous powers is given in the next verse commentary.

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ਪ੍ਰਭ ਕੈ ਸਿਮਰਨਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਨਉ ਨਿਧਿ ॥

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Translation: 

In the remembrance of God, there is supernatural powers, miracles, nine treasures.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 262:43] 
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Commentary:

This verse tells that by contemplating and remembering God in meditation, a person can receive the supernatural powers known as Ridh Sidh and Nidh. It may be noted that remembering Name of God, Praising God, remembering God are similar tasks and complementary to each other. These powers have been described as:

(Following details have been taken from this forum post here: https://gurmatbibek.com/forum/read.php?3,36418)

RidhThis power brings success, progress, and affluence.

Sidhis are 18, and divided into major and minor:

Minor Sidhis (10):
Door-Darshan - to see all, clairvoyance.
Door-Sarvan - to hear all, clairaudience.
Par-Kaya Parvesh - ability of soul/consciousness  to enter other’s body.
Annuram - freedom from hunger and thirst.
Kaamroop - adopt desired form, ability to change the form to that of another person.
Savichhatt-Mirtu - to die at will, to die the way one wants to.
Sankalap Sidhi - to get desires fulfilled, to have all that one wants.
Apprittehatt-Gatee - ability to go anywhere without any hindrance or obstruction.
Mano-Veg - to go anywhere at the speed of thought.
Sur-Kareera - to have enjoyment along with demi-gods.

Major Sidhis (8):
Anima - ability to become very small.
Mahema - to become big.
Garima - to become heavy.
Laghima - to become light.
Praptee - to get success.
Prakamya - to read the minds of other people.
Eeshihta (Isatva) - power to persuade others.
Vashihta (Vasitva) - to control other’s mind, and self control.

Nidh - Nine treasures
Padam-Nidhi - attainment of sons, grand sons, gold, silver, precious metals.
Mahan-Padam - one gets diamonds, rubies and other gems and jewels (precious stones).
Kharab - riches of all kinds.
Kund - trading in gold.
Nil - trading in precious stones, jewels, and gems.
Sankh - delicious food.
Kachhap - clothes and food-grains in abundance.
Mukund - mastery in arts, music, and poetry.
Makar - gives the art of using weapons and sovereignty on others.


=7================================================================
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ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਸਭ ਸਿਧਿ ਹੈ ਰਿਧਿ ਪਿਛੈ ਆਵੈ ॥
ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਨਉ ਨਿਧਿ ਮਿਲੈ ਮਨ ਚਿੰਦਿਆ ਪਾਵੈ ॥
ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਸੰਤੋਖੁ ਹੋਇ ਕਵਲਾ ਚਰਨ ਧਿਆਵੈ ॥
ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਸਹਜੁ ਊਪਜੈ ਸਹਜੇ ਸੁਖੁ ਪਾਵੈ ॥
ਗੁਰਮਤੀ ਨਾਉ ਪਾਈਐ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਣ ਗਾਵੈ ॥੭॥
-----------------
Translation: 

Hearing Name, all supernatural powers are, miraculous powers come follow,
Hearing Name nine treasures are obtained, acquire mind's wish,
Hearing Name, contentment comes, god of wealth meditates at one's feet,
Hearing Name, divine knowledge appears, easily finds peace,
Obtain Name from Guru's teaching, Nanak sings virtues.7.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1240:25-29] 
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Commentary:

This verse tells the benefits of hearing the Name of God, and that it results in material as well as in spiritual benefits to a person (including supernatural powers). The Name of God is obtained from Guru's teaching. For Sikhs the Guru is Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, and Guru Granth Sahib Ji gives details of different Names of Supreme God. 

It is my belief that anyone willing to accept and respect the teaching of Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji is welcome to consider Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji as their own Guru. I am not a very religious person, but I have found that words of Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji have been very helpful for me, and have provided me guidance during my times of need and at other times also. Readers can search and access the translation and original verses online.

Some of the Names of Supreme God used in Guru Granth Sahib Ji are Satnam, Ram, Allah, and many others, and can be found in the following Youtube videos: https://youtu.be/DEKgmvT0cZk and https://youtu.be/OF7fNxSKtKk. Reader is encouraged to read Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji to know the different Names of God.


=8================================================================
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ਜਿਹ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਸਿਮਰੰਥਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਨਵ ਨਿਧਿ ਪਾਵੈ ॥
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Translation: 
They who remember the True Guru, receive miraculous powers, supernatural powers, and nine treasures.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1405:28] 
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Commentary:

This verse highlights the same point as described in previous points. There are many verses in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji which highlight these points, and I have included some of them here.

A True Guru, or teacher, is considered same as God. The definitions are nuanced and beyond the scope of current article, but remembering the True Guru is same as remembering Supreme God. 

These verses give details of complementary actions like chanting Name of God, Praising God, hearing the Name of God, remembering God or True Guru, among others, all of which result in the practitioner gaining miraculous powers. How much time and effort would be needed for these powers to manifest? I am not sure.

=9================================================================
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ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਬੁਧਿ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇ ਪਾਇਆ ਮੁਕਤਿ ਪਦਾਰਥੁ ਸਰਣਿ ਪਇਆ ॥੧੧॥
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Translation: 
Miraculous powers, supernatural powers, wisdom, knowledge received from Guru, wealth of salvation found in His refuge.11.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 907:4] 
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Commentary:

This verse highlights that one receives supernatural powers from the True Guru and teacher.

=10===============================================================
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ਨਉ ਨਿਧਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਪਾਈ ਜੋ ਤੁਮਰੈ ਮਨਿ ਭਾਵਨਾ ॥੫॥
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Translation: 
They who are pleasing to Your mind, receive nine treasures, miraculous powers, supernatural powers.5.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1018:31] 
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Commentary:

This verse highlights that God grants these powers when he wishes to grant them to someone with whom He is pleased. These verses show different ways in which a person can come to possess supernatural powers. Some of the methods are related or have some overlap.

=11===============================================================
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ਜਉ ਹਰਿ ਬੁਧਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਚਾਹਤ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੁਰੁ ਕਰੁ ਮਨ ਮੇਰੇ ॥੫॥੯॥
-----------------
Translation: 
My mind, if you wish for all wisdom, miraculous, spiritual powers, do Guru Guru Gur.5.9.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1400:4] 
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Commentary:

This verse instructs the mind to chant 'Guru', or Name of the Guru, to receive supernatural powers and wisdom. The True Guru is an aspect of Supreme God which instructs and guides us.

Wisdom (Budhi) is again characterized by following qualities or aspects (List and explanation taken from https://gurmatbibek.com/forum/read.php?3,36418):

Bharosa - faith and dependence on God.
Leenta - an absolute attachment (absorption) to God.
Santokh - contentment.
Detachment - from the dear ones and the worldly possessions.
Hukam - acceptance of the will of God. It is total surrender to Him.
Sehaj - equilibrium, equipoise.
Anand - perpetual delight, permanent joy.
Vismaad - ecstasy, joy plus wonderment.
Nidar - benevolence of God. He believes in the mercy of God as an instrument of his attainments, and that his own efforts mean nothing. 

=12===============================================================
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ਕਰਿ ਅਨੁਗ੍ਰਹ ਰਾਖਿ ਲੀਨੇ ਏਕ ਨਾਮ ਅਧਾਰ ॥
-----------------
Translation: 
By grace He protects those who take support of Name.2.103.126.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1228:24] 
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Commentary:

This verse tells that people who take support of God's Name are protected by God. This protection includes all protection, protection from physical or supernatural things or powers. I understand words, "take support", as believing in God, believing in power of Name of God, chanting and remembering the Name of God, specially in one's time of distress or need, and in prayer.

=13===============================================================
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ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਮਨਿ ਵਸੈ ਏਹਾ ਸਿਧਿ ਏਹਾ ਕਰਮਾਤਿ ॥੨॥
-----------------
Translation: 
Nanak, God's Name rests in the mind of the Gurmukh, this is occult power, this is a miracle.2.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 650:16] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse tells that when God's Name rests in a person's mind, then this in itself is a occult power and a miracle (By resting in mind means, accepting Name of God as a Supreme support). 

This verse is difficult to understand, without more context and information, and I only present the translation of verses related to supernatural powers.

=14===============================================================
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ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਸਭੁ ਮੋਹੁ ਹੈ ਨਾਮੁ ਨ ਵਸੈ ਮਨਿ ਆਇ ॥
-----------------
Translation: 
Miraculous powers, occult powers are all worldly attachments, Name does not rest, or come to mind.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 593:32] 
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Commentary:

Final verse in this post deals with the risks of pursuing supernatural and miraculous powers. If a person tries to possess them, then they are worldly attachments which can hinder a person's spiritual progress. They can result from spiritual life of a person, but in themselves they are just worldly attachments or possessions which will not benefit the soul, as they deal with physical and material attainments only. 

People could feel that pursuing these powers is a spiritual or religious path, but in fact it is not, as this verse warns. By going after these powers, a person risks losing attachment to Name of God, which is a terrible misfortune. So this verse guides a spiritual person to understand and accept the Name of God, and stay away from pursuing (or using) spiritual and miraculous powers.

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-x-

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Purpose and benefits of chanting

Main points:
  1. Chanting includes repeating words which include Name of God, or words praising God, either repeating mentally or repeating aloud.
  2. God referred here is the Creator of all there is, and One who has no equal. I do not refer to other deities.
  3. An intangible mind, over time, gets infected by intangible parasitic thoughts. Thoughts of negative feelings, like fear, greed, and others. Intangible words are clean, as no dust or dirt sticks to a spoken word, except possibly its negative meaning. So repeating powerful clean words are best way to clean parasitic thoughts of the mind.
  4. Best and most powerful words are the words that refer to God, either the Name of God, or words praising God. I am not sure of the results of chanting words which have some other meaning, or which do not relate to One God. I would believe words with negative or lukewarm meaning, will have negative or lukewarm results respectively.
  5. Chanting also helps revealing the reality, beauty, and sharpness of the mind. Chanting has power to transform mind for the better. Like polishing a stone to reveal a diamond, or churning cream to transform it into butter, chanting causes similar transformation of mind.
  6. Chanting Name of God in a healthy state of mind, also helps a person receive the proverbial elixir (Amrit) for everlasting life of the soul (not the body). Soul is already eternal, and lack of everlasting life leads to transmigration or other undesirable consequences. The Name of God is the Elixir.
  7. A person should spent normal life doing work and actions which are healthy, and which do not create a feeling of unnecessary pride or guilt. This puts mind in a healthy condition conducive for effective chanting.
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=1=======================================================================
ਕਰਮੀ ਸਹਜੁ ਨ ਊਪਜੈ ਵਿਣੁ ਸਹਜੈ ਸਹਸਾ ਨ ਜਾਇ ॥
ਨਹ ਜਾਇ ਸਹਸਾ ਕਿਤੈ ਸੰਜਮਿ ਰਹੇ ਕਰਮ ਕਮਾਏ ॥
ਸਹਸੈ ਜੀਉ ਮਲੀਣੁ ਹੈ ਕਿਤੁ ਸੰਜਮਿ ਧੋਤਾ ਜਾਏ ॥
ਮੰਨੁ ਧੋਵਹੁ ਸਬਦਿ ਲਾਗਹੁ ਹਰਿ ਸਿਉ ਰਹਹੁ ਚਿਤੁ ਲਾਇ ॥
ਕਹੈ ਨਾਨਕੁ ਗੁਰ ਪਰਸਾਦੀ ਸਹਜੁ ਉਪਜੈ ਇਹੁ ਸਹਸਾ ਇਵ ਜਾਇ ॥੧੮॥
-----------------
Translation:
Knowledge does not come from rituals, without knowledge doubt does not go.
Doubt does not go by any discipline, kept practicing rituals,
Soul is stained by doubt, what discipline can wash it,
Wash mind, attach to word, keep consciousness attached to God,
Nanak speaks, by Guru's grace, knowledge dawns, so this doubt goes.18.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 919:18-22]
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Commentary:

Different types of ritual and discipline do not bring knowledge. Without knowledge it is difficult to get rid of doubt. A primary hindrance to spiritual progress of a person is a doubting mind, which cannot be removed by practicing either rituals or disciplines. This verse recommends washing doubts of mind by attaching to words of a True Guru (ponder words of scripture which record the wisdom of a True Guru), and keep mind attached to remembrance of God. True knowledge dawns only by grace of True Guru (an aspect of God, which teaches and gives knowledge), and only with true knowledge can doubt in mind be removed.
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=2=======================================================================

ਮਨ ਕੇ ਬਿਕਾਰ ਮਿਟਹਿ ਪ੍ਰਭ ਸਿਮਰਤ ਜਨਮ ਜਨਮ ਕੀ ਮੈਲੁ ਹਰੀ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
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Translation:

Disease of mind are washed away by contemplating God, dirt of many births is effaced.1.pause.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1152:19]
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Commentary:

Contemplating and remembering God removes sickness of the mind, and it also removes accumulated sins of many births. This verse gives two effects of remembering God either during chanting, or in prayer, or otherwise. Remembrance of God brings order to the mind, removing unwanted clutter, and is good for well-being and health of the mind. It also cleans the sin that mind (soul) has accumulated. As people seldom become a saint overnight, but keep sinning and accumulating unwanted thoughts, so regular chanting helps avoid the affects of accumulated dirt.
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=3=======================================================================
ਮਨੁ ਤਨੁ ਧੋਵਹਿ ਸਬਦਿ ਵੀਚਾਰੀ ॥
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Translation:

Wash mind and body by contemplating the word.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1059:48]
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Commentary:

The verse recommends cleaning mind and body by contemplating words of wisdom (words of a True Guru). The words to be contemplated are the words of a mentor, the teachings and speech of a spiritual mentor. Simplest way to contemplate a speech is to repeat a verse or word or teaching, all the while pondering on its meaning. Chanting is an easy way to repeat and also contemplate.
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=4=======================================================================
ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮਾ ਆਰਾਧਿ ਮਨ ਸਭਿ ਕਿਲਵਿਖ ਜਾਹਿ ਵਿਕਾਰ ॥
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Translation:
O Mind, worship God's Name, the defects of sin will go.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 959:39]
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Commentary:

Simplest and surest way to get rid of sins is to remember and worship the Name of God. Sins are transgressions of the mind and soul. Why would this method work? The power is in the Name of God, that if we believe in the Name, and repeat the Name with reverence, the Name of God has power to wipe clean all our sins.

I understand sin as an incorporeal account of our actions, which will in time result in undesirable fruit and suffering. Sin could also be understood as an act of disobedience to a scripture. I believe scripture teach us to avoid sin, because it will have a undesirable consequence for us, considering the natural laws that govern this world. From this perspective, sins to avoid are like rules of thumb for quick reference, so we know what to avoid. With either meaning of sin, the final effect of indulging in sin is an undesirable result.
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=5=======================================================================
ਦੁਰਮਤਿ ਮੈਲੁ ਗਈ ਹਰਿ ਭਜਿਆ ਜਨ ਨਾਨਕ ਪਾਰਿ ਪਰਾ ॥੪॥੩॥
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Translation:
Dirt of foolishness goes by Chanting God, O Nanak, people cross over.4.3.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 799:30]
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Commentary:

The verse tells that Chanting the Name of God removes foolishness. It also helps people cross over successfully from this life to the life hereafter. An important aspect of foolishness is inability to understand things and concepts around us, probably because of lack of capacity to think, or presence of simplistic preconceived notions in mind. Cleaning the mind with chanting will help in clearing the incorrect preconceived notions, and improve acuity.
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=6=======================================================================

ਭਾਂਡਾ ਧੋਇ ਬੈਸਿ ਧੂਪੁ ਦੇਵਹੁ ਤਉ ਦੂਧੈ ਕਉ ਜਾਵਹੁ ॥
ਦੂਧੁ ਕਰਮ ਫੁਨਿ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਸਮਾਇਣੁ ਹੋਇ ਨਿਰਾਸ ਜਮਾਵਹੁ ॥੧॥
ਜਪਹੁ ਤ ਏਕੋ ਨਾਮਾ ॥
ਅਵਰਿ ਨਿਰਾਫਲ ਕਾਮਾ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਈਟੀ ਹਾਥਿ ਕਰਹੁ ਫੁਨਿ ਨੇਤ੍ਰਉ ਨੀਦ ਨ ਆਵੈ ॥
ਰਸਨਾ ਨਾਮੁ ਜਪਹੁ ਤਬ ਮਥੀਐ ਇਨ ਬਿਧਿ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤੁ ਪਾਵਹੁ ॥੨॥
ਮਨੁ ਸੰਪਟੁ ਜਿਤੁ ਸਤ ਸਰਿ ਨਾਵਣੁ ਭਾਵਨ ਪਾਤੀ ਤ੍ਰਿਪਤਿ ਕਰੇ ॥ 
ਪੂਜਾ ਪ੍ਰਾਣ ਸੇਵਕੁ ਜੇ ਸੇਵੇ ਇਨ੍ਹ੍ਹ ਬਿਧਿ ਸਾਹਿਬੁ ਰਵਤੁ ਰਹੈ ॥੩॥
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Translation:
Wash vessel, anoint with fragrance, then go get milk,
Milk of actions, then rennet of consciousness, without hope let it curdle.1.
Chant the one Name,
Other actions are unfruitful.1.pause.
Make mind churning-stick handle, then churning-cord is not getting sleep,
Tongue chants Name, then churn, this way obtain elixir.2.
Make mind a container, where bathe in pool of truth, gives affection, honor, satisfaction,
Worships with breath, servant who serves, this way stay absorbed in God.3.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 728:2-9]
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Commentary:

This verse describes a method for chanting. This verse has a few difficult to understand metaphors, so I hope the interpretation is accurate. First recommendation is to wash vessel, anoint it with fragrance, get milk, add rennet and then wait.

Vessel stands for the vessel of body and mind, which contains our soul and thoughts. Fragrance stands for fragrance of good words. What flowers are to the physical world, words are to the spiritual world. Best and the most fragrant words are the Name of God, and words of God's praise. Milk of actions are actions which nourish our body, mind and soul. Milk is a nourishing, life-giving food, and a very nutritious food. Similarly milk of actions are actions which leave us feeling better about ourselves, without giving a tainted sense of pride, self-contempt or a lingering sense of guilt. Milk of actions would be healthy actions, not directed by our ego, which are constructive and nourishing for us and others. A clear, conscious and focused mind while doing an action is like a rennet, which helps in turning actions truly fruitful, help actions transform, like milk is transformed by rennet. And once an action is complete, it is time to move on, rather than hoping and waiting for results. Curdling is like giving time for actions to bear fruit. We don't need to forget or be careless about them, but give actions time to bear fruit. Results are important, but they come in their own time and an action is like a planted seed, which will bear results in proper time, much like farming.

So as per my understanding the first sentence of the verse, recommends a method to perform any action, spiritual or otherwise, or generally a recommendation of living our daily lives. Start with a clear mind and a bath, spend some time in remembering God (chant), and then go about the day doing healthy, fruitful actions, making effort to focus mind and consciousness on the action being performed (don't let the mind wander or hope of doing something else). And once an action is performed don't wait for results, but give time for results to appear in their own time (results will come in their own time, and we could be mindful when they come). This is also a recommended method to perform any action, including spiritual actions like worship, prayer, and others. And most important, if our actions are healthy, without invoking pride or guilt, nourishing like milk, then it will be easy to perform spiritual actions like chanting and prayer later, with a clear conscience.

The verse further recommends that chanting Name of God is the most fruitful action. I understand the word fruitful is applicable on an eternal time-frame. All actions bear some fruit, but most fruits would only last for a lifetime, and would disappear for a person when the person dies, making these actions ultimately unfruitful. But chanting Name of God is an action which will result in fruits which have an eternal value.

Next sentence continues with specifics of process of chanting. The milk of good actions has turned to curd, which is a person with a clear conscience, a healthy, satisfied, content mind and body, ready to practice chanting. Consider mind to be the churning stick, which is thinking over concepts being studied, remembered, and chanted. Churning-cord, which is used to move the churning stick, is not falling asleep. People sometimes fall asleep when performing activities of the mind, and falling asleep cuts the action of chanting or meditation mid-way, as if the churning cord is cut. So it is advised to make an effort to stay awake while chanting. Finally chant the Name of God with tongue, completing the process of churning to create butter, which spiritually is equivalent to creating elixir for the soul. This completes the metaphor of transforming milk to curd, and then churning to create butter, the elixir of God's Name.

Finally the mind itself is the container which will hold the elixir of chanted Name of God, and it is like a true pool, giving a person affection, honor, satisfaction here and hereafter. Chanting is a method of worship, in which a person offers breath for remembrance of God. Scriptures tell us that people have a limited number of breaths in a lifetime, and when a person uses few of the breaths to chant the Name of God then it is like making an offering to God, which helps a person stay absorbed in God's remembrance. Being in remembrance of God has many positive effects on a person, and some would be covered as part of other posts.
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=7=======================================================================
ਸਿਮਰਉ ਨਾਮੁ ਨਿਰੰਜਨ ਕਰਤੇ ਮਨ ਤਨ ਤੇ ਸਭਿ ਕਿਲਵਿਖ ਨਾਸ ॥
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Translation:
Remembering pristine Name of Creator, all sins of mind and body are destroyed.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 716:33]
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Commentary:

This is perhaps one of the most important affects of chanting God's Name, because we all have sinned and continue to do so. Sin and transgression of mind and soul are the corrupted negative thoughts and feelings that we continue to harbor in our hearts and mind. People sin under the influence of five basic qualities: anger, lust, greed, attachment and ego. Our fears, hate, envy, scheming and other lusts or weakness of the mind, the load of countless sins that we have accumulated since lifetime of the soul (since the beginning of time), they are all removed by remembering Name of God.

Spoken words have a purity, that a physical thing lacks, and no dust or dirt can stick to a word. This makes the Name of God, one of the purest things that we have, and like clean water washes the physical body, the Name of God washes the mind, body and soul. This is also one of the reasons why spiritual healing works. Disease of the mind affects health of body, and opposite is also true, so fixing one helps in healing the other.

Think about it, there is no cloth that could clean the mind, and if anything could clean the mind it had to be as intangible and as subtle as the mind itself. And pure words and the wisdom contained in the words is the pure water that cleans the mind. A person, mind, soul and body frequently cleaned by the holy water of the remembrance of God's Name is fit and healthy to be at peace, to be happy, and to achieve what it is destined to achieve.

And as with everything, cleaning lasts as long as we do not spoil it again, and this is the reason of taking care of our thoughts, keep the mind uncluttered. Do not harbor ill-will or bad feelings, to keep mind healthy. Chant often to remove the undesirable condition of our mind and thoughts.
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=8=======================================================================
ਨਾਮ ਤੇਰੈ ਕੈ ਰੰਗਿ ਦੁਰਮਤਿ ਧੋਵਣਾ ॥
ਜਪਿ ਜਪਿ ਤੁਧੁ ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰ ਭਰਮੁ ਭਉ ਖੋਵਣਾ ॥
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Translation:
Color of Your Name washes my folly,
Repeatedly chanting you God, removes my ignorance and fear.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 523:11-12]
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Commentary:

As we saw in the last verse, chanting cleans the mind, making it healthier. A healthy mind is sharper and less likely to be ignorant or act foolishly (as mind will be more aware and perceptive). Chanting also helps in removing fear from the mind (fear is also an undesirable condition of the mind, and is generally caused by attachment or lack of faith).
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=9=======================================================================
ਹਰਿ ਗੁਣ ਗੁੰਫਹੁ ਮਨਿ ਮਾਲ ਹਰਿ ਸਭ ਮਲੁ ਪਰਹਰੀਐ ॥
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Translation:
Weave garland of qualities of God in mind, God removes all dirt.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 320:42]
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Commentary:

Many of the Names of God tell of the different qualities of God. Chanting the Names, singing praise of God is like weaving a garland in the mind. It too helps in cleaning the mind.
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=10======================================================================
ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਹੈ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਵੈ ਕੋਇ ॥
ਹਉਮੈ ਮਮਤਾ ਨਾਸੁ ਹੋਇ ਦੁਰਮਤਿ ਕਢੈ ਧੋਇ ॥
ਨਾਨਕ ਅਨਦਿਨੁ ਗੁਣ ਉਚਰੈ ਜਿਨ ਕਉ ਧੁਰਿ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਹੋਇ ॥੧॥
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Translation:
God, God, God, Name of God some blessed believer receives,
Ego and attachment ends, folly is washed away by Name,
O Nanak, they speak the Name always, for whom it is destined.1.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1313:10-12]
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Commentary:

Not many people would believe and chant the Name of God, and those who do, believing in the power of the Name are very lucky. Destiny is topic for another post, but people who receive the Name are destined for it. But anyone could pray to receive the same.

Destiny is a difficult topic to understand and explain, but what I have understood is that it is a combination of multiple variable factors. Destiny is more like a system of natural laws (physical and spiritual laws) which govern this world, combined with result of our actions (actions, thoughts and prayers). A lot of it is based on our past actions (mental and physical), which are responsible for our current position in life; and future destiny would continue in same trajectory unless we deliberately change the course.

Sudden luck and fortune is generally a result of some past seed planted by someone. It could be said that a person could be destined to plant the seed in the past, and continuing this line of thinking is recursive and does not explain how it started. Only consolation is that this not the only thing that the human mind does not understand, but I believe we have enough information to move forward. Just plant the right seeds now (seeds of prayer, thoughts and actions), that is the important thing.
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=11======================================================================
ਸਤਸੰਗਤਿ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਧੰਨੁ ਧਨੋੁ ਧੰਨ ਧੰਨ ਧਨੋ ਜਿਤੁ ਮਿਲਿ ਹਰਿ ਬੁਲਗ ਬੁਲੋਗੀਆ ॥
ਸਭਿ ਕਹਹੁ ਮੁਖਹੁ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰੇ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਹਰੇ ਹਰਿ ਬੋਲਤ ਸਭਿ ਪਾਪ ਲਹੋਗੀਆ ॥੧॥
-----------------
Translation:
True congregation, of True Guru, blessed wealth, blessed, blessed wealth, meeting which, recite words of God,
All chant with mouth, Har, Har, Haray, Har, Har, Haray, speaking Har, all sins are removed.1.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1313:7-8]
=======================================
Commentary:

The company of true congregation, a gathering of people, who are gathered in Name of True Guru (True Guru is an aspect of God who instructs), to praise and remember God, is a wealth that a person should actively seek. Being part of such a congregation is same as being in possession of an intangible wealth (non-materialistic wealth). Characteristics of gathering of holy people is a topic of another article.

The verse instructs that on meeting such a congregation chant Name of God, recite words of God (scripture), and sing praise of God. Doing such actions will rid a person of all sins. Intangible sins are primarily a corruption of the intangible mind, and only way to clean them is by use of clean and powerful words, which are themselves as subtle and intangible as the mind, and are effective in getting rid of corruption in mind (sins).
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=12======================================================================
ਮਲੁ ਕੂੜੀ ਨਾਮਿ ਉਤਾਰੀਅਨੁ ਜਪਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਹੋਆ ਸਚਿਆਰੁ ॥
-----------------
Translation:
Name removes muck of lies, Chant Name become truthful.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 951:1]
=======================================
Commentary:

A lie is something that is false and does not exist. On an eternal timeline, a lie is also something that will eventually cease to exist, a temporary thing. A truth is an eternally permanent thing. A human mind is enchanted by lies, promise of temporary things and experiences, and only way to remove the illusion of lies is to view with a clear mind. Chanting the Name of God helps clear the mind. A truthful person could be understood as a person who not only speaks truth, but also perceives truthfully (perceives truth).
-
Mist of promising lies cloud the mind,
Chanting Name of God clears the mind.
A clear mind is truthful,
It appreciates the truth,
Not only speaks the truth,
But also perceives the truth.
Only that which is truly perceived,
Can then be truly explained.
A truthful person may still lie,
If the person fails to perceive the truth,
True mind sees though lies and their futility.
-
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=13======================================================================
ਬਸੰਤੁ ਚੜਿਆ ਫੂਲੀ ਬਨਰਾਇ ॥
ਏਹਿ ਜੀਅ ਜੰਤ ਫੂਲਹਿ ਹਰਿ ਚਿਤੁ ਲਾਇ ॥੧॥
ਇਨ ਬਿਧਿ ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਹਰਿਆ ਹੋਇ ॥
ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਜਪੈ ਦਿਨੁ ਰਾਤੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹਉਮੈ ਕਢੈ ਧੋਇ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
-----------------
Translation:
Spring comes, forests blossom,
This living being blossoms by remembering God in mind.1.
By this method, this mind enlivens,
God, Chanting Name of God, day and night, the blessed washes and removes ego.1.pause.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1176:53-54, 1177:1-2]
=======================================
Commentary:

By remembering God, and chanting the Name of God, a living being enlivens and blossoms. Chanting the Name of God also removes ego and washes oneself clean.
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=14======================================================================
ਹਰਿ ਕਾ ਬਿਲੋਵਨਾ ਬਿਲੋਵਹੁ ਮੇਰੇ ਭਾਈ ॥
ਸਹਜਿ ਬਿਲੋਵਹੁ ਜੈਸੇ ਤਤੁ ਨ ਜਾਈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਤਨੁ ਕਰਿ ਮਟੁਕੀ ਮਨ ਮਾਹਿ ਬਿਲੋਈ ॥
ਇਸੁ ਮਟੁਕੀ ਮਹਿ ਸਬਦੁ ਸੰਜੋਈ ॥੨॥
ਹਰਿ ਕਾ ਬਿਲੋਵਨਾ ਮਨ ਕਾ ਬੀਚਾਰਾ ॥
ਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਪਾਵੈ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਧਾਰਾ ॥੩॥
ਕਹੁ ਕਬੀਰ ਨਦਰਿ ਕਰੇ ਜੇ ਮੀਰਾ ॥
ਰਾਮ ਨਾਮ ਲਗਿ ਉਤਰੇ ਤੀਰਾ ॥੪॥੧॥੧੦॥
-----------------
Translation:
Churn the Churn of God, my brother,
Spontaneously churn, so essence does not go.1.pause.
Make body the pot, churning stick in mind,
In this pot assimilate the word.2.
Churn of God is thinking of the mind,
Guru's grace gives stream of elixir.3.
Kabir says, when King gives grace,
Hold to God's Name, alight on shore.4.1.10.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 478:14-21]
=======================================
Commentary:

Deliberately thinking over concepts, pondering over words is a divine method of churning, which will produce knowledge, awareness, and higher consciousness. Words and concepts to be pondered need to relate to a scripture, or God, and not just be any word.

Body is like a churning pot which we use to collect words of knowledge by hearing, reading and discussing. Deliberate thinking is the churning stick in mind, which we use to assimilate meaning, shuffle thoughts, and extract knowledge contained in the words. We should make it a habit to spontaneously think over concepts and words of divine knowledge when we encounter them.

When we practice churning words of scripture, by God's grace we will receive elixir which will give soul everlasting life (everlasting life is one without transmigration). Soul holding fast to the Name of God will find salvation, which is referred to as alighting on a shore.
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=15======================================================================
ਇਹੁ ਮਨੁ ਰਤਨੁ ਜਵਾਹਰ ਮਾਣਕੁ ਤਿਸ ਕਾ ਮੋਲੁ ਅਫਾਰਾ ॥
ਮੋਲਿ ਕਿਤ ਹੀ ਨਾਮੁ ਪਾਈਐ ਨਾਹੀ ਨਾਮੁ ਪਾਈਐ ਗੁਰ ਬੀਚਾਰਾ ॥੫॥
-----------------
Translation:
This mind is a precious gem, it is of great value,
Any price will not buy Name, Obtain Name by pondering over teachings of Guru.5.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 754:25-26] 
=======================================
Commentary:

Mind is like a precious gem, and like any precious gem it needs work to make it shine. Its true value can be estimated, by evaluating what happens when one loses one's mind. The verse goes on to tell that person can receive (and accept) the Name of God only by thinking over the teachings of a Mentor. Thinking over teaching helps people convince themselves of the true nature of teaching, and make acceptance of teachings more permanent.
-
One who loses one's mind,
Loses almost everything else.
Children of unfulfilled promises,
Asylum tell their silent stories.
So do take care of your mind,
Do not feed it garbage,
Keep it in good company,
Of worthy words and worthy thoughts.
-
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=16======================================================================

ਪ੍ਰਭ ਕੈ ਸਿਮਰਨਿ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਧਿਆਨੁ ਤਤੁ ਬੁਧਿ ॥
ਪ੍ਰਭ ਕੈ ਸਿਮਰਨਿ ਜਪ ਤਪ ਪੂਜਾ ॥

-----------------
Translation:
In the remembrance of God, there is wisdom, meditation, essence of intellect,
In the remembrance of God, there is chanting, penance, prayer.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 262:44-45] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse tells us the essence of chanting and meditation. If we remember God, we get all the benefits of meditation and chanting. In fact, as I understand, remembrance of God is the real essence of meditation and chanting. The complete verse gives many other benefits of remembering God, but only the part related to meditation and chanting are highlighted here. I would encourage the reader to read the complete verse.
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Additional Comments: 

Declutter the mind

Repetitive speaking of words or verses is the simplest form of chanting. The words which comprise a chant could mean just about anything, like name of a deity, verse praising a deity, a prayer or an invocation, and specific words denoting a feeling or quality.
I do not know the science behind the chants, but present a layman's perspective. Everything in this world needs tidying up. Garden weeds need to be pulled, rust from iron needs to be scrapped, houses need to be dusted frequently, we need to bathe and brush our teeth frequently. All these actions clear the physical layers of unwanted stuff which keep the underlying object from being healthy. It is in the nature of things in this world to become messed up, if periodic cleaning and maintenance is not done.
-
Everything is slowly dying,
Person begins moving closer to death,
Immediately after being born,
And some do die very young.

Dust starts to gather,
Immediately after it has been cleaned,
Cloths start getting crumpled,
Immediately after they have been ironed.

It is in the nature of things of this world,
To deteriorate with time,
To keep things healthy,
Regular maintenance is needed.

Weed your gardens occasionally,
Brush your teeth daily,
Bathe your body often,
Do not leave them as they are.

Civilization slowly descends into chaos,
If it is not cared for,
And so it is with the human mind too,
It takes regular effort to keep it from chaos.
 -

Similarly, during our day, words that we hear and speak, emotions that we feel during the day, good or bad, linger on in the mind. Cluttering the mind's capability to see, think and feel clearly. Much like a layer of dust covering our boots, or car, or furniture. Without cleaning the mental and emotional clutter, the mind becomes dull, and mental capabilities have difficulty in functioning at best possible level.

Chanting is like dusting the mental and emotional clutter from the mind. Specially the parasitic and negatives thoughts and words can stick to mind, and adversely affect mood and functioning of the mind.

Not much cleaning can be done by using a soiled cloth. Words and verses that we use for chanting are the dusting cloth for the mind, and the quality of cloth will affect the results. The most pristine and powerful words available to a human being are words that denote the Name of God, or words of praise of God (which many times are same words, as Names of God are actually praise of the various qualities of God).

Words with a negative connotation, if used, will be like a dusty cloth which soils the furniture or mind, rather than cleaning it. Words which express weak emotions or thoughts will be inefficient in de-cluttering the mind. Frivolous words may cause more problems than help.

We need to take bath regularly to keep the body clean, using repetitive almost ritualistic actions. Chanting does the same thing for the mind, cleaning any dirty parasitic thoughts that may be sticking to the mind. In a way chanting helps in maintaining good mental hygiene. If we apply attention while dusting furniture, it ensures quality of the resulting shiny furniture, similarly applying attention to the meaning of words, rather than mindless repetition, makes chanting more effective. Like a daily bath helps in keeping the body fresh and healthy, similarly few minutes of daily chanting of a positive verse will help to keep the mind fresh and healthy, by dislodging any unhealthy words or thoughts perched in our mind. To attain a proper mental state of mind for effective chanting, we need to perform healthy actions in our daily life, actions which do not create sense of pride or guilt in our mind.

Reveal the nature of mind 

Apart from maintaining mental hygiene, chanting also helps in revealing the quality of mind and spirit. It will not happen overnight, and will not be easily noticeable, but slowly and surely it will reveal the sparkle of the mind.
-
Polishing a stone reveals the diamond within,
Churning cream turns it into butter,
Chanting will reveal the sparkle of the mind,
Words are like chisel to an open mind,
Morphing mind to reveal its true nature. 
-
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-x-

Saturday, March 3, 2018

The one true religion!

What is the one true religion? Most will name their own. But most likely this question cannot be answered convincingly by most people. Once I have selected a religion to follow, then that becomes the only true religion for me to pursue. Others may choose other religions to pursue, which will become the only true religion for them. A person cannot travel on two boats, at least that is what I believe. Each person chooses on which boat to travel, and it will most likely be only one. Trying to travel on multiple boats may seem like a challenge, or socially polite, but I am not sure, for the waters can be deep.


I do not know the one true religion,
But I do know this,
Sun is not the only star,
Rose is not the only flower,
Lion is not the only animal,
Eagle not the only bird,
There are many cities,
There are many highways,
World is rich in choice,
But each choice has its own color,
Each choice has a consequence,
Free to choose, but own your choice,
For each choice will have a consequence,
Each choice leads to a destination,
Choose wherever you are willing to go,
There may be as many true paths, 
As many the Creator wishes to create,
To insist otherwise would be to doubt the might of the Creator,
How many I do not know for certain, for I am just a human,
I am not privy to the Creator's mind,
Nor know all the nature's secrets.


Each religion has a theology and a philosophy, which may or may not overlap with other religions. But what each religion promises is a definite or an indefinite outcome for a practitioner who wishes to follow its path. Following are some of the different things promised by different religions to their followers:

  1. A peaceful or blissful present life
  2. A peaceful or blissful afterlife
  3. Liberation from transmigration
  4. Liberation from sin
  5. Eternal companionship with God
  6. Everlasting bliss
  7. Personal deification
  8. Fame in present life or afterlife
  9. Wealth in present life or afterlife
  10. Other material pleasures in present life or afterlife
  11. More esoteric things like higher consciousness which are difficult to understand
  12. Continuation of tradition, customs, and culture
  13. Appeasement of ancestors, society, spirits, authority, gods, or other real or imaginary things
  14. And maybe many other things...
A religion would generally promise a follower some of the above goals. So a follower needs to realize that focusing on some goals alone, may make the other things out of reach. Read the promises well, what is claimed and what remains hidden.

Now whether these claims are true or false I don't know. The belief in these claims started originally with the teachings of respective founders and prophets, and it is for each person to decide what to believe in and what not to believe in, what goal to pursue and what goal to leave, what path to follow and what path to leave behind.

The important thing here is to realize that apparently there could be everlasting consequences of the personal choice made by an individual. People might claim that all religions are same, and any could be followed. But studying about the different religions will give a person a more comprehensive perspective, and a better understanding about the goals of each religion. Saying all paths are same, may generally mean the person making this claim does not have much knowledge of any of the paths involved. I do know that different religious paths may promise different destinations to their followers, and have different deities and rituals, and it is up to each person what he or she wants to pursue in life. Where does a person want to invest or spend his or her life, and what return does a person expect from this investment in a lifelong faith? Is faith for an eternal goal, or for service of others, or for being one with the crowd? Where does your faith promise to take you?

There is a secondary and equally important question, after a personal destination (religion) has been decided by the person. The secondary question is, whether the path chosen will actually lead the person to the promised destination. This is a question which can only be answered in the seeker's mind, either by simply believing the teaching of the founders of religions, or by actually traveling the path, but few are known to reach the destination.

As with most things in life, 
it is almost impossible to make a definite bet. 
This is the ultimate gamble of life. 
Where will you invest your life, on which belief? 
Believe, or some would say bet, on what,
In ephemeral pleasure, or in pleasing society, 
or maybe on mortal or eternal goals. 
Welcome to the earthy casino of life,
Wheel is spinning, and the clock is ticking,
Destiny, the croupier with a wry smile invites you,
Invites you to place your bets,
Your eternal destiny is at stake,
For the price of this one life,
For the price of a decision and a belief,
Place your bet, for time is running out,
Time will run out, bet on an eternal consequence,
A consequence which each will meet alone,
Without the company of a friend or foe,
A consequence of suffering or bliss,
Indecision will not slow down the clock,
For some this gamble can be overwhelming,
And they may look the other way,
As they try to find meaning and reason,
Believing there is no substance in eternal fate,
But time will not stop, neither for me nor for you,
The game of life is already afoot,
Try not to let your mind fool you,
But who can claim to never have been fooled.

So like everything in this world, there is endless diversity. Each religion offers a path to follow and a destination. Paths may meet at some places, and may lead to similar or different destinations. Choose the path based on where you want to go. Each path may take you where it promises to go, and hope your map is accurate.

Know where you want to go before starting a journey,
If you do not know where your faith will lead you,
You might reach a place where you do not want to be,
 If a mentor refuses to explain in simple terms,
In simple words that do not confuse nor sting,
Then perhaps you are being taken for a ride.


-x-

Sunday, January 28, 2018

One of the reasons why I believe in God

There are many reasons why I believe in a monotheistic God. In this post I will just share one of the reasons. As per my understanding, if different religions or a set of people claim to worship a monotheistic God, who is the creator of the world and who has no equal, then I believe they must be referring to the same God, irrespective of the fact that such groups of people will have some differences. If it were not the same God, then having 'no equal' statement would not hold, as individual claims would give 'multiple all powerful Gods', which is an oxymoron (because if there are two all powerful Gods, they will not remain 'all powerful' in front of the other, but would be an equal).

It is like different groups of scientists set out to study properties of the largest known galaxy, IC 1101, and they might call the galaxy by different names, may find different properties of the galaxy, focus on different aspects, but still the galaxy IC 1101 does not become two or more galaxies. If some groups of people start worshiping the largest galaxy, in different ways, giving it different names, still it would remain a single galaxy. Many people do worship some planets and stars in their own respective ways, but the planets and stars remain a single entity irrespective of how many different ways different groups worship a star or a planet.

Of the religious groups which I have studied as a theology hobbyist, the mains one include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, monotheistic aspects in Hinduism and my own religion, Sikhism. I do not claim to have any authoritative knowledge on any of them, but I have tried to understand whatever I could.

During my studies I found an interesting aspect, although it is already well known in theological circles, but I found it fascinating, and feel not much emphasis has been laid on this aspect, especially in popular culture. Judaism believes in prophets of the Old Testament. Christianity believes in all the Jewish prophets from the Old Testament, and also believes in prophets of the New Testament, including Jesus Christ. Islam believes in all the prophets of Old and New Testament, while also believing in Prophet Mohammad, who is mentioned in The Koran (Koran mentions Jesus Christ often, as also prophets Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and others). These three religions, of middle eastern origin, worship the God of Abraham, Issac and Jacob. It is like three tributaries of the river of monotheism arising in the middle east.

The monotheistic theology originating from Indian sub-continent includes Sikhism and some aspects of Hinduism. Sikhs believe in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji as their religious guide and mentor. Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji contains verses describing a monotheistic theology, and the verses were contributed by some Sikh Gurus themselves, and others were collected by the Sikh Gurus but were originally written by few Hindu and Muslim saints from the Indian sub-subcontinent. We could say there are three tributaries of the river of monotheism in Indian sub-continent, two new and third continuing from middle east.

Above is a very simplistic description of my understanding. It might be important to note that one of Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, Saint Thomas, actually arrived in South India around 50 AD (as per Wikipedia). I believe influence of Saint Thomas's arrival in India is a topic which has not been studied much, and it is possible that some aspects of his teachings merged with or influenced the monotheistic theology of the Indian subcontinent, of which very little details are known.

Another important aspect is that the verses in the scriptures of any of the above monotheistic religions are attributed to some saints and prophets, but many of the saints and prophets claimed that the origin of the words is from God alone, as the words and the wisdom they convey were revealed to them. I have no way of proving this statement but I just mentioned it for sake of completeness, and also to highlight the common aspect of the different scriptures.

Coming to the next part of this post I would like to mention the number of primary prophets and saints that are mentioned in each of the above monotheistic religions or their scriptures. All data is taken from Wikipedia, and in no way I claim that the data is complete. I will come to the reason later, of why I share the list here.
It is important to note that above numbers include actual historical figures, and historical records are available for most of them. Each of above people believed in a monotheistic God. Most of them were not college professors who are paid for writing new fancy theories, books and articles, nor were they arm-chair philosophers whose interest in theology was limited to a spirited conversation during free time, and neither were they conquerors interested in gaining territory and taxes. For most part they had normal lives, not unlike a passionate entrepreneur or scientist today, and they insisted to have a belief because they thought it is true. Also, some of the people in the above list actually had very difficult lives, and faced immense resistance during life for their beliefs, sometimes brutal resistance, but they still held on to their belief. What was the reason for their beliefs? Why did they continue to believe in what they believed, in spite of all the resistance that they faced?

There are three possibilities regarding a person's belief, the person believes in truth, the person believes in a delusion, or the person is lying. Each individual, including you and me, have to make a decision in our life regarding the beliefs of the people in the above list, whether it is true or not. I have made mine. I believe that the people in the above list believed in a truth when they said that there is one God, all powerful and creator of all there is. I have no reason to believe that they were either lying or were delusional.

There may be many aspects of their life which cannot be explained logically, or maybe some of the stories are fabricated or have turned into exaggerated myths, but is it not true with all history. It's always hard to tell in history what is true or what is not true. As for me, I am only interested in one aspect of the stories and myth, and that is that they all believed in one God, who is all powerful. I don't have enough time and resources in this life to validate all the other myths and stories that I hear and read about the different people in the above list, but it does not matter. Because I take the only unquestionable piece of information at face value, that is common in the belief of all the legendary people of the above list, and that is 'There is one God'.

So one of reasons why I believe in a monotheistic God is that everyone listed in the above list believed in a monotheistic God. It might seem a very weak reason in a society obsessed with individuality, but facts are true or false, and individuality is a misplaced concept when discussing accuracy of a potential fact (i.e. something or someone exists or does not exist irrespective how you or anyone else thinks about it). I have no reason to suspect that the belief of people in the above list was mistaken, and actually many aspects of their individual life and the effect that they had on society during their lifetime is awe inspiring (even if we do not consider the miracles associated with them, that cannot be logically explained). Many cults and kingdoms have come and gone, but affect of people in the above list has sustained through the test of time. That alone could be a good enough reason for most people to consider their teachings seriously.

-x-

Wednesday, October 11, 2017

Burden of proof?

One of the main point of contention between atheists and believers is that atheists insist that there is no conclusive and verifiable proof of the existence of God**. And they are correct, regarding objective proofs. Atheists claim that the burden of proof is on the believers to prove the existence of God.

Look at it from another perspective, if there is a verifiable objective proof of God's existence, then there would be no need for faith. If there is a verifiable proof, then everybody would believe in God, and fear God, and live a compliant life. Then not believing in God would be stupid and there would be no choice, no need for faith, no need for belief, as God's existence would be confirmed. A lot of drama in life would come to an end, many would even say that all drama in life would come to an end. 

If the headmaster is present in a class and the children know it,
They will not speak nor play, and would be all nervous and frozen stiff.

But this is not how this world seems to have been setup. The elusive nature of God seems to be by design. Please take a moment to stop and think about this, because faith is not about choice but about eternal destiny. Atheists, or scientists, or rationalists, or others did not design the world in which we exist. Nor does the world in which we exist needs to conform to any logical model conceivable to the human mind.

With existence of an objective proof faith and belief cease to be a virtue. I am not saying that faith is a virtue, but to believe in concepts taught be the prophets unquestionably is an essential part of any religion. Certainly there is every chance that a person starts believing in a prophet whose teachings may or may not deliver on their promise, or the student may not understand the teaching properly, and that is a constant persistent doubt in most believers. This is as if it adds different colors to the religious and spiritual landscape of society. This complicates the choices further, but again this seems to be by design - Nature is characterized by presence of extreme variety, and presence of many different schools of thoughts also conforms to this.

Coming back to the question of proof. The system of belief in this world seems to be such that glimpses of the unknown have been conveyed to few people, who are generally identified as prophets. And stories tell us that after their respective revelation the prophets lives did change, as they lived in awareness of God's presence, while rest of the people around them went on with their normal life oblivious of God. The drama of the world continued for people who were unaware of God's presence. Some people did heed the words of prophets. For others the life's test is to sift through the available teaching and paths, and try to find a way.

Life presents an endless maze of words and ideas,
Walk carefully picking your treasures,
Treasures of words, and faith, and belief,
Leave the wrong turns and take the right ones.


-x-

 **In this blog, by word God, I always refer to the Monotheistic ever present and all powerful God, the Creator of the world. I do not refer to the many different deities present in the many cultures and religions unless specifically highlighted.

-x-