Showing posts with label Religion. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Religion. Show all posts

Saturday, January 1, 2022

Miracles

Main points:
  1. Miracles is a controversial topic. Many, if not all, scriptures are filled with description of miracles. Rationalists could consider miracles as an illogical and unrealistic aspect of religion.
  2. A miracle by definition is an event which cannot be explained by natural or physical laws. Not all laws are known today, and many will be discovered in future. So common knowledge of tomorrow may appear a miracle today.
  3. I believe miracles is a non-issue. Miracles are done by God. Once a person has accepted existence of God, the Creator of all there is, then possibility of miracles is always there. There will not be much that a Creator of world is incapable to doing.
  4. In fact, by definition, a God should be able to work miracles, and bend the natural laws. Anyone unable to create or bend laws of nature is not God.
  5. If a person has not accepted existence of an Omnipotent God then the person would not believe in miracles. In this case, belief in existence or non-existence of God has to be resolved first, which is an unsolved and much more important problem than finding out whether miracles exist.
  6. Miracles are not done by human beings (or spirits or other possible entities, if they exist). I believe anyone claiming to work miracles should be met with scepticism. Miracle working by human beings is most likely work of tricks (which is team work, or sleight of hand) or just use of obscure or hidden technology. When a scripture describes a miracle, it always points out that it was a work of God, and not a prophet or saint. A saint or prophet always describe unexplained incidents (miracles) as a work of God.
  7. Having said all of the above things, I believe there still remains a grey area, because my knowledge is limited. There are stories of miracles as an answer to prayers, stories of healing, curses, or other spiritual powers. I believe whatever they are, if they are true, they are based on working of laws not yet clearly known to me and also not known to most other people. Some people claim to understand them, some people claim to have some powers, but there is nothing conclusive in this area, and it is a matter of experimenting oneself and finding out. If these things are true they will be just like building muscles or practising an art form, the more you practice, the better you get. There are laws of prayer, laws of healing, or laws of breathing, etc. Whatever one decides to explore, one should remember that a life is short, and it is better to use it well, than waste it in chasing mirages. I have personally tried prayers and healing, but here too the actual miracle, if it happens, is done by God, as an answer to a prayer. Anybody can pray, but not all prayers are answered - A parent does not buy every toy that a child asks for!
  8. Regarding spiritual powers, I personally believe their only value, if they exist, is satisfying curiosity or performing unexplained tricks in this lifetime (without any eternal value); none of the prophets or saints spent time doing them nor widely taught them, so probably they are not worth spending time on, in my opinion. 
  9. A final word on miracles - there is a concept in eastern spirituality called "Riddhi-Siddhi", which are a group of miraculous spiritual powers. Theoretically, there are many different ways for achieving them, like breath control, meditation, etc, but their utility is limited to current lifetime. They do not bring any eternal benefit to the practitioner, and instead could cause occurrence of incidents which may have adverse consequences for the practitioner in the long term. From a technical perspective these are not miracles, but just practices that have not been widely understood, and there are specific steps of achieving them. But few would be willing to explore and share the learning, as most such systems are based on secrecy, and as with all such things secret, the efficacy of such teachings is doubtful. The best way to achieve these spiritual powers, as per Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, is by hearing and contemplating the Name of God (related verses given in this article). The best protection from such powers is also prayer and chanting the Name of God. From practical perspective it is very unlikely that we will come across a person who possesses these powers, nor is it likely that any of us would come to possess them (maybe not because the methods do not work, but because of lack of trying, motivation, and practice). I have never met such a person (who possesses any such powers), nor I expect to meet anyone. We only hear stories that cannot be verified. Hankering for them is pointless as their utility is limited, and this hankering should be actively avoided as it could actually become a roadblock to real useful spiritual progress, and is more like a unhealthy fixation or ambition. For a monotheistic believer, the Name of God, is the miraculous spiritual power.
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Following verses from Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji present different perspectives on miracles, and my understanding of the same. In recent years there has been a practice of some religious community members to appear practical and rational, and thus they either ignore references to miracles in their own scripture, or say that the text describing miracle is symbolic (and not literal). In an attempt to appear scientific, some ignore their own scripture. Appearing scientific seems fashionable, but science too has plenty of unanswered questions.

But I personally believe anyone who believes in a Monotheistic, All powerful Creator of the world, God, cannot deny possibility of miracles done by God. Surely the Creator of the world should be able to do anything in His creation, bend the laws at will, and answer any prayers should He choose to! But we should always doubt the possibility of a miracle done by a human being, as a human being is bound by natural and physical laws, and for most part there is no reason why a human being can transcend a natural or physical law. 
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Reference verses with commentary:
=1================================================================
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ਮਿਰਤਕ ਕਉ ਜੀਵਾਲਨਹਾਰ ॥

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Translation: 

Gives life to the dead.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 283:30]
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Commentary:

In this verse God is described as someone who is capable of giving life to the dead. If we think about it, God, who is someone who has created the entire world and all the life in it, will obviously be able to influence life and death. 

If a person thinks that God is incapable of making life and death decisions for a person, or is unable to reverse these states, then probably the person does not believe in a God (as per monotheistic faith). A God bound by rules and laws of this world is not God as per monotheism (I have no knowledge of polytheism, and cannot comment on deities of polytheism).

=2================================================================
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ਸੰਡਾ ਮਰਕਾ ਜਾਇ ਪੁਕਾਰੇ ॥
ਪੜੈ ਨਹੀ ਹਮ ਹੀ ਪਚਿ ਹਾਰੇ ॥
ਰਾਮੁ ਕਹੈ ਕਰ ਤਾਲ ਬਜਾਵੈ ਚਟੀਆ ਸਭੈ ਬਿਗਾਰੇ ॥੧॥
ਰਾਮ ਨਾਮਾ ਜਪਿਬੋ ਕਰੈ ॥
ਹਿਰਦੈ ਹਰਿ ਜੀ ਕੋ ਸਿਮਰਨੁ ਧਰੈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਬਸੁਧਾ ਬਸਿ ਕੀਨੀ ਸਭ ਰਾਜੇ ਬਿਨਤੀ ਕਰੈ ਪਟਰਾਨੀ ॥
ਪੂਤੁ ਪ੍ਰਹਿਲਾਦੁ ਕਹਿਆ ਨਹੀ ਮਾਨੈ ਤਿਨਿ ਤਉ ਅਉਰੈ ਠਾਨੀ ॥੨॥
ਦੁਸਟ ਸਭਾ ਮਿਲਿ ਮੰਤਰ ਉਪਾਇਆ ਕਰਸਹ ਅਉਧ ਘਨੇਰੀ ॥
ਗਿਰਿ ਤਰ ਜਲ ਜੁਆਲਾ ਭੈ ਰਾਖਿਓ ਰਾਜਾ ਰਾਮਿ ਮਾਇਆ ਫੇਰੀ ॥੩॥
ਕਾਢਿ ਖੜਗੁ ਕਾਲੁ ਭੈ ਕੋਪਿਓ ਮੋਹਿ ਬਤਾਉ ਜੁ ਤੁਹਿ ਰਾਖੈ ॥
ਪੀਤ ਪੀਤਾਂਬਰ ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਣ ਧਣੀ ਥੰਭ ਮਾਹਿ ਹਰਿ ਭਾਖੈ ॥੪॥
ਹਰਨਾਖਸੁ ਜਿਨਿ ਨਖਹ ਬਿਦਾਰਿਓ ਸੁਰਿ ਨਰ ਕੀਏ ਸਨਾਥਾ ॥
ਕਹਿ ਨਾਮਦੇਉ ਹਮ ਨਰਹਰਿ ਧਿਆਵਹ ਰਾਮੁ ਅਭੈ ਪਦ ਦਾਤਾ ॥੫॥੩॥੯॥
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Translation:
 
Sanda, Marka, go and proclaim,
Does not study, even we are tired, spent,
Says Ram, claps to tune, spoiled all students.1.
Says, I will chant Name,
In heart, keeps remembrance of God.1.pause.
King brought all Earth under control, queen entreats,
Son Prahlad you do not obey, he decided something else for you.2.
Meeting in company of wicked, resolved to increase his age immensely,
Plunged, under water, fire, fear, King Ram protected, transforming nature.3. 
Pulling sword, death, fear, terrible, tell me, who protects you,
The Yellow Robed, Lord of three worlds, within pillar God speaks.4.
One who tore Harnaakash with nails, reassured demigods and men, 
Namdev says, I remember the same Narhar (God), Ram, giver of fearlessness.5.3.9.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1165:18-30] 
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Commentary:

This verse tells story of a devout devotee, Prahlaad. Prahlaad did not focus on learning prescribed by the powerful king, his father, and instead devoted time in practicing devotion to God. The king, Harnaakash, tries to kill his son for disobedience by throwing him off a cliff, into water and into fire. But each time God changes the laws of nature to protect Prahlaad. Finally the king tries to kill Prahlaad with his sword, but God appears and kills the king.

This is a famous story about Bhagat Prahlaad in Indian scriptures, and it has been recounted in the Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji also. I believe multiple versions of story exit. The reason to include this story here is to convey the point that miracles, like divine protection in this story, is the work of God and not of a human being. Second reason to include this story is to illustrate the point that scriptures do talk about miracles.

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ਸੁਲਤਾਨੁ ਪੂਛੈ ਸੁਨੁ ਬੇ ਨਾਮਾ ॥
ਦੇਖਉ ਰਾਮ ਤੁਮ੍ਹ੍ਹਾਰੇ ਕਾਮਾ ॥੧॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਸੁਲਤਾਨੇ ਬਾਧਿਲਾ ॥
ਦੇਖਉ ਤੇਰਾ ਹਰਿ ਬੀਠੁਲਾ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਬਿਸਮਿਲਿ ਗਊ ਦੇਹੁ ਜੀਵਾਇ ॥
ਨਾਤਰੁ ਗਰਦਨਿ ਮਾਰਉ ਠਾਂਇ ॥੨॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ਐਸੀ ਕਿਉ ਹੋਇ ॥
ਬਿਸਮਿਲਿ ਕੀਆ ਨ ਜੀਵੈ ਕੋਇ ॥੩॥
ਮੇਰਾ ਕੀਆ ਕਛੂ ਨ ਹੋਇ ॥
ਕਰਿ ਹੈ ਰਾਮੁ ਹੋਇ ਹੈ ਸੋਇ ॥੪॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹੁ ਚੜ੍ਹ੍ਹਿਓ ਅਹੰਕਾਰਿ ॥
ਗਜ ਹਸਤੀ ਦੀਨੋ ਚਮਕਾਰਿ ॥੫॥
ਰੁਦਨੁ ਕਰੈ ਨਾਮੇ ਕੀ ਮਾਇ ॥
ਛੋਡਿ ਰਾਮੁ ਕੀ ਨ ਭਜਹਿ ਖੁਦਾਇ ॥੬॥
ਨ ਹਉ ਤੇਰਾ ਪੂੰਗੜਾ ਨ ਤੂ ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਇ ॥
ਪਿੰਡੁ ਪੜੈ ਤਉ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਨ ਗਾਇ ॥੭॥
ਕਰੈ ਗਜਿੰਦੁ ਸੁੰਡ ਕੀ ਚੋਟ ॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਉਬਰੈ ਹਰਿ ਕੀ ਓਟ ॥੮॥
ਕਾਜੀ ਮੁਲਾਂ ਕਰਹਿ ਸਲਾਮੁ ॥
ਇਨਿ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਮੇਰਾ ਮਲਿਆ ਮਾਨੁ ॥੯॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਸੁਨੇਹੁ ॥
ਨਾਮੇ ਸਰ ਭਰਿ ਸੋਨਾ ਲੇਹੁ ॥੧੦॥
ਮਾਲੁ ਲੇਉ ਤਉ ਦੋਜਕਿ ਪਰਉ ॥
ਦੀਨੁ ਛੋਡਿ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਕਉ ਭਰਉ ॥੧੧॥
ਪਾਵਹੁ ਬੇੜੀ ਹਾਥਹੁ ਤਾਲ ॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਗਾਵੈ ਗੁਨ ਗੋਪਾਲ ॥੧੨॥
ਗੰਗ ਜਮੁਨ ਜਉ ਉਲਟੀ ਬਹੈ ॥
ਤਉ ਨਾਮਾ ਹਰਿ ਕਰਤਾ ਰਹੈ ॥੧੩॥
ਸਾਤ ਘੜੀ ਜਬ ਬੀਤੀ ਸੁਣੀ ॥
ਅਜਹੁ ਨ ਆਇਓ ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਣ ਧਣੀ ॥੧੪॥
ਪਾਖੰਤਣ ਬਾਜ ਬਜਾਇਲਾ ॥
ਗਰੁੜ ਚੜ੍ਹ੍ਹੇ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਆਇਲਾ ॥੧੫॥
ਅਪਨੇ ਭਗਤ ਪਰਿ ਕੀ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਪਾਲ ॥
ਗਰੁੜ ਚੜ੍ਹ੍ਹੇ ਆਏ ਗੋਪਾਲ ॥੧੬॥
ਕਹਹਿ ਤ ਧਰਣਿ ਇਕੋਡੀ ਕਰਉ ॥
ਕਹਹਿ ਤ ਲੇ ਕਰਿ ਊਪਰਿ ਧਰਉ ॥੧੭॥
ਕਹਹਿ ਤ ਮੁਈ ਗਊ ਦੇਉ ਜੀਆਇ ॥
ਸਭੁ ਕੋਈ ਦੇਖੈ ਪਤੀਆਇ ॥੧੮॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਪ੍ਰਣਵੈ ਸੇਲ ਮਸੇਲ ॥
ਗਊ ਦੁਹਾਈ ਬਛਰਾ ਮੇਲਿ ॥੧੯॥
ਦੂਧਹਿ ਦੁਹਿ ਜਬ ਮਟੁਕੀ ਭਰੀ ॥
ਲੇ ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ਕੇ ਆਗੇ ਧਰੀ ॥੨੦॥
ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹੁ ਮਹਲ ਮਹਿ ਜਾਇ ॥
ਅਉਘਟ ਕੀ ਘਟ ਲਾਗੀ ਆਇ ॥੨੧॥
ਕਾਜੀ ਮੁਲਾਂ ਬਿਨਤੀ ਫੁਰਮਾਇ ॥
ਬਖਸੀ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਮੈ ਤੇਰੀ ਗਾਇ ॥੨੨॥
ਨਾਮਾ ਕਹੈ ਸੁਨਹੁ ਬਾਦਿਸਾਹ ॥
ਇਹੁ ਕਿਛੁ ਪਤੀਆ ਮੁਝੈ ਦਿਖਾਇ ॥੨੩॥
ਇਸ ਪਤੀਆ ਕਾ ਇਹੈ ਪਰਵਾਨੁ ॥
ਸਾਚਿ ਸੀਲਿ ਚਾਲਹੁ ਸੁਲਿਤਾਨ ॥੨੪॥
ਨਾਮਦੇਉ ਸਭ ਰਹਿਆ ਸਮਾਇ ॥
ਮਿਲਿ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਸਭ ਨਾਮੇ ਪਹਿ ਜਾਹਿ ॥੨੫॥
ਜਉ ਅਬ ਕੀ ਬਾਰ ਨ ਜੀਵੈ ਗਾਇ ॥
ਤ ਨਾਮਦੇਵ ਕਾ ਪਤੀਆ ਜਾਇ ॥੨੬॥
ਨਾਮੇ ਕੀ ਕੀਰਤਿ ਰਹੀ ਸੰਸਾਰਿ ॥
ਭਗਤ ਜਨਾਂ ਲੇ ਉਧਰਿਆ ਪਾਰਿ ॥੨੭॥
ਸਗਲ ਕਲੇਸ ਨਿੰਦਕ ਭਇਆ ਖੇਦੁ ॥
ਨਾਮੇ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ ਨਾਹੀ ਭੇਦੁ ॥੨੮॥੧॥੧੦॥
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Translation: 

Sultan asks, listen O Nam Dev,
Show your Ram's works.1.
Sultan arrested Nam Dev,
Show your God Bithula.1.pause.
Restore life to body of slaughtered cow,
Otherwise I will cut your neck immediately.2.
King how can this happen,
None slaughtered can live again.3.
By my action, nothing can happen,
Actions of Ram, only that happens.4.
King puffed up in pride,
Using ankus, enraged elephant.5.
Nam Dev's mother weeps,
Leave Ram, why not chant Khuda.6.
Neither I am your son, nor you my mother,
Body falls, even then I will sing glory of God.7.
Elephant tries to hit with trunk,
Nama Dev was saved by God's protection.8.
Qazi, Mullah, salute me,
This Hindu trampled my pride.9.
King listen our request,
Take gold equal to Nam Dev's weight.10.
Taking wealth, then fall in Hell,
Leaving faith, amassing world.11.
Fetters on feet, keeping beat with hands,
Nam Dev sings glory of God.12.
If Ganga, Jamuna, flow in reverse,
Then too, Nam Dev, will keep chanting Har.13.
When seven gharhi were heard to pass,
Even now the Lord of the three worlds has not come.14.
Playing the instrument of wings,
Riding eagle God came.15.
Protects His own devotee,
Riding eagle came God.16.
If you say, I will tilt ground sideways,
If you say, I will take and overturn it.17.
If you say, I will give the dead cow life,
Everyone will see and be satisfied.18.
Nam Dev supplicates, fastens hind legs,
Milked cow, uniting calf.19.
Milking milk, when pitcher filled,
Took and kept in front of the king.20.
King goes in the palace,
Time of difficulty came along.21.
Qazi, Mulla, conveyed royal request,
Forgive me Hindu, I am your cow.22.
Nam Dev said, listen king,
This test of faith, did I manifest.23.
This test is only acceptable,
Emperor, walk in truth, humility.24.
Nam Dev saved, pervaded everywhere,
Meeting, all Hindus, go to Nam Dev.25.
If this time, cow did not revive,
Then faith in Nam Dev would have gone.26.
 
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1165:31-51, 1166:1-37] 
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Commentary:

This is another story in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji illustrating a dead cow coming back to life. An apparent miracle, but it was work of God. The king, sultan, challenges Bhagat Nam Dev to show works of his God. King gets a cow killed and challenges Bhagat Nam Dev to bring the cow back to life. King notes that if the cow does not come to life, then he would get the saint killed.

Bhagat Namdev tells the king that only God can do miracles. Finally God appears and brings cow back to life. As king asks for forgiveness, Bhagat Nam Dev tells the king that this test is acceptable only if the king learns to walk and live in truth and humility. This verse also emphasises that miracles are done by God.

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ਹਰਿ ਕੋ ਨਾਮੁ ਸਦਾ ਸੁਖਦਾਈ ॥
ਜਾ ਕਉ ਸਿਮਰਿ ਅਜਾਮਲੁ ਉਧਰਿਓ ਗਨਿਕਾ ਹੂ ਗਤਿ ਪਾਈ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥
ਪੰਚਾਲੀ ਕਉ ਰਾਜ ਸਭਾ ਮਹਿ ਰਾਮ ਨਾਮ ਸੁਧਿ ਆਈ ॥
ਤਾ ਕੋ ਦੂਖੁ ਹਰਿਓ ਕਰੁਣਾ ਮੈ ਅਪਨੀ ਪੈਜ ਬਢਾਈ ॥੧॥
ਜਿਹ ਨਰ ਜਸੁ ਕਿਰਪਾ ਨਿਧਿ ਗਾਇਓ ਤਾ ਕਉ ਭਇਓ ਸਹਾਈ ॥
ਕਹੁ ਨਾਨਕ ਮੈ ਇਹੀ ਭਰੋਸੈ ਗਹੀ ਆਨਿ ਸਰਨਾਈ ॥੨॥੧॥
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Translation: 

Name of God forever gives peace,
Remembering whom Ajamal was emancipated, Ganika found salvation.1.pause.
Paanchali in king's court, realized Name of Ram,
Taking away her grief, in His mercy, increased His respect.1.
The person who sings praise of God, The treasure of mercy, God is his succourer,
Speaks Nanak, relying on this, I have come to His protection.2.1.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1008:11-16] 
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Commentary:

This verse highlights another miracle that is widely documented in scriptures of different religions in the Indian sub-continent. Paanchali, a queen, was wagered by her husband in a game of dice and lost. The winners planned to disrespect Paanchali in front of the court, but she prayed to God for help, and God protected her. The details vary from scripture to scripture, and have not been documented in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. But all scriptures agree that God performed a miracle to save a helpless woman in front of the king's entire court. 

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ਨਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਨਿਰਮਲ ਨਾਮੁ ਬੀਚਾਰੁ ॥

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Translation: 

Nine treasures, supernatural powers come by contemplating the pure Name.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 220:33] 

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Commentary:

This verse gives the best way to gain different spiritual powers is by contemplating the Name of God. All Names of God which refer to the supreme creator are precious, and effective. The details of the miraculous powers is given in the next verse commentary.

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ਪ੍ਰਭ ਕੈ ਸਿਮਰਨਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਨਉ ਨਿਧਿ ॥

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Translation: 

In the remembrance of God, there is supernatural powers, miracles, nine treasures.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 262:43] 
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Commentary:

This verse tells that by contemplating and remembering God in meditation, a person can receive the supernatural powers known as Ridh Sidh and Nidh. It may be noted that remembering Name of God, Praising God, remembering God are similar tasks and complementary to each other. These powers have been described as:

(Following details have been taken from this forum post here: https://gurmatbibek.com/forum/read.php?3,36418)

RidhThis power brings success, progress, and affluence.

Sidhis are 18, and divided into major and minor:

Minor Sidhis (10):
Door-Darshan - to see all, clairvoyance.
Door-Sarvan - to hear all, clairaudience.
Par-Kaya Parvesh - ability of soul/consciousness  to enter other’s body.
Annuram - freedom from hunger and thirst.
Kaamroop - adopt desired form, ability to change the form to that of another person.
Savichhatt-Mirtu - to die at will, to die the way one wants to.
Sankalap Sidhi - to get desires fulfilled, to have all that one wants.
Apprittehatt-Gatee - ability to go anywhere without any hindrance or obstruction.
Mano-Veg - to go anywhere at the speed of thought.
Sur-Kareera - to have enjoyment along with demi-gods.

Major Sidhis (8):
Anima - ability to become very small.
Mahema - to become big.
Garima - to become heavy.
Laghima - to become light.
Praptee - to get success.
Prakamya - to read the minds of other people.
Eeshihta (Isatva) - power to persuade others.
Vashihta (Vasitva) - to control other’s mind, and self control.

Nidh - Nine treasures
Padam-Nidhi - attainment of sons, grand sons, gold, silver, precious metals.
Mahan-Padam - one gets diamonds, rubies and other gems and jewels (precious stones).
Kharab - riches of all kinds.
Kund - trading in gold.
Nil - trading in precious stones, jewels, and gems.
Sankh - delicious food.
Kachhap - clothes and food-grains in abundance.
Mukund - mastery in arts, music, and poetry.
Makar - gives the art of using weapons and sovereignty on others.


=7================================================================
==================================================================
ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਸਭ ਸਿਧਿ ਹੈ ਰਿਧਿ ਪਿਛੈ ਆਵੈ ॥
ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਨਉ ਨਿਧਿ ਮਿਲੈ ਮਨ ਚਿੰਦਿਆ ਪਾਵੈ ॥
ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਸੰਤੋਖੁ ਹੋਇ ਕਵਲਾ ਚਰਨ ਧਿਆਵੈ ॥
ਨਾਇ ਸੁਣਿਐ ਸਹਜੁ ਊਪਜੈ ਸਹਜੇ ਸੁਖੁ ਪਾਵੈ ॥
ਗੁਰਮਤੀ ਨਾਉ ਪਾਈਐ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਣ ਗਾਵੈ ॥੭॥
-----------------
Translation: 

Hearing Name, all supernatural powers are, miraculous powers come follow,
Hearing Name nine treasures are obtained, acquire mind's wish,
Hearing Name, contentment comes, god of wealth meditates at one's feet,
Hearing Name, divine knowledge appears, easily finds peace,
Obtain Name from Guru's teaching, Nanak sings virtues.7.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1240:25-29] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse tells the benefits of hearing the Name of God, and that it results in material as well as in spiritual benefits to a person (including supernatural powers). The Name of God is obtained from Guru's teaching. For Sikhs the Guru is Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, and Guru Granth Sahib Ji gives details of different Names of Supreme God. 

It is my belief that anyone willing to accept and respect the teaching of Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji is welcome to consider Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji as their own Guru. I am not a very religious person, but I have found that words of Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji have been very helpful for me, and have provided me guidance during my times of need and at other times also. Readers can search and access the translation and original verses online.

Some of the Names of Supreme God used in Guru Granth Sahib Ji are Satnam, Ram, Allah, and many others, and can be found in the following Youtube videos: https://youtu.be/DEKgmvT0cZk and https://youtu.be/OF7fNxSKtKk. Reader is encouraged to read Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji to know the different Names of God.


=8================================================================
==================================================================
ਜਿਹ ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਸਿਮਰੰਥਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਨਵ ਨਿਧਿ ਪਾਵੈ ॥
-----------------
Translation: 
They who remember the True Guru, receive miraculous powers, supernatural powers, and nine treasures.
[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1405:28] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse highlights the same point as described in previous points. There are many verses in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji which highlight these points, and I have included some of them here.

A True Guru, or teacher, is considered same as God. The definitions are nuanced and beyond the scope of current article, but remembering the True Guru is same as remembering Supreme God. 

These verses give details of complementary actions like chanting Name of God, Praising God, hearing the Name of God, remembering God or True Guru, among others, all of which result in the practitioner gaining miraculous powers. How much time and effort would be needed for these powers to manifest? I am not sure.

=9================================================================
==================================================================
ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਬੁਧਿ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇ ਪਾਇਆ ਮੁਕਤਿ ਪਦਾਰਥੁ ਸਰਣਿ ਪਇਆ ॥੧੧॥
-----------------
Translation: 
Miraculous powers, supernatural powers, wisdom, knowledge received from Guru, wealth of salvation found in His refuge.11.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 907:4] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse highlights that one receives supernatural powers from the True Guru and teacher.

=10===============================================================
==================================================================
ਨਉ ਨਿਧਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਪਾਈ ਜੋ ਤੁਮਰੈ ਮਨਿ ਭਾਵਨਾ ॥੫॥
-----------------
Translation: 
They who are pleasing to Your mind, receive nine treasures, miraculous powers, supernatural powers.5.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1018:31] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse highlights that God grants these powers when he wishes to grant them to someone with whom He is pleased. These verses show different ways in which a person can come to possess supernatural powers. Some of the methods are related or have some overlap.

=11===============================================================
==================================================================
ਜਉ ਹਰਿ ਬੁਧਿ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਚਾਹਤ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੁਰੂ ਗੁਰੁ ਕਰੁ ਮਨ ਮੇਰੇ ॥੫॥੯॥
-----------------
Translation: 
My mind, if you wish for all wisdom, miraculous, spiritual powers, do Guru Guru Gur.5.9.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1400:4] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse instructs the mind to chant 'Guru', or Name of the Guru, to receive supernatural powers and wisdom. The True Guru is an aspect of Supreme God which instructs and guides us.

Wisdom (Budhi) is again characterized by following qualities or aspects (List and explanation taken from https://gurmatbibek.com/forum/read.php?3,36418):

Bharosa - faith and dependence on God.
Leenta - an absolute attachment (absorption) to God.
Santokh - contentment.
Detachment - from the dear ones and the worldly possessions.
Hukam - acceptance of the will of God. It is total surrender to Him.
Sehaj - equilibrium, equipoise.
Anand - perpetual delight, permanent joy.
Vismaad - ecstasy, joy plus wonderment.
Nidar - benevolence of God. He believes in the mercy of God as an instrument of his attainments, and that his own efforts mean nothing. 

=12===============================================================
==================================================================
ਕਰਿ ਅਨੁਗ੍ਰਹ ਰਾਖਿ ਲੀਨੇ ਏਕ ਨਾਮ ਅਧਾਰ ॥
-----------------
Translation: 
By grace He protects those who take support of Name.2.103.126.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 1228:24] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse tells that people who take support of God's Name are protected by God. This protection includes all protection, protection from physical or supernatural things or powers. I understand words, "take support", as believing in God, believing in power of Name of God, chanting and remembering the Name of God, specially in one's time of distress or need, and in prayer.

=13===============================================================
==================================================================
ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਮਨਿ ਵਸੈ ਏਹਾ ਸਿਧਿ ਏਹਾ ਕਰਮਾਤਿ ॥੨॥
-----------------
Translation: 
Nanak, God's Name rests in the mind of the Gurmukh, this is occult power, this is a miracle.2.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 650:16] 
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse tells that when God's Name rests in a person's mind, then this in itself is a occult power and a miracle (By resting in mind means, accepting Name of God as a Supreme support). 

This verse is difficult to understand, without more context and information, and I only present the translation of verses related to supernatural powers.

=14===============================================================
==================================================================
ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਸਭੁ ਮੋਹੁ ਹੈ ਨਾਮੁ ਨ ਵਸੈ ਮਨਿ ਆਇ ॥
-----------------
Translation: 
Miraculous powers, occult powers are all worldly attachments, Name does not rest, or come to mind.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 593:32] 
=======================================
Commentary:

Final verse in this post deals with the risks of pursuing supernatural and miraculous powers. If a person tries to possess them, then they are worldly attachments which can hinder a person's spiritual progress. They can result from spiritual life of a person, but in themselves they are just worldly attachments or possessions which will not benefit the soul, as they deal with physical and material attainments only. 

People could feel that pursuing these powers is a spiritual or religious path, but in fact it is not, as this verse warns. By going after these powers, a person risks losing attachment to Name of God, which is a terrible misfortune. So this verse guides a spiritual person to understand and accept the Name of God, and stay away from pursuing (or using) spiritual and miraculous powers.

==================================================================
==================================================================

-x-

Friday, September 27, 2019

Which religion or sect to follow (the right conduct to practice)?

Main points:
  1. Dharma is popularly translated as religion, but more specifically it could mean recommended conduct for proper living and other actions. Most religions have multiple sects and denominations with different practices for each sect or denomination. Many of the practices could be very different between sects and denominations, even within same religion.
  2. The sect, or denomination which recommends building faith and chanting Name of God is best and safest to follow. There are many sects within different religions which recommend building faith in Name of God. 
  3. God referred in this article and all other essays in this blog is One God, Omnipotent, Omnipresent, who is the Creator of all there is, and has no equal.
  4. Any other actions or practices recommended by a particular sect may have its own purpose and may exist due to social, cultural or historical reasons. Such recommendations would have their own benefits or consequences, and evaluating them is beyond the scope of this article. Each person needs to decide for oneself. But developing belief in God's Name is minimum possible, necessary and effective recommendation. A note of caution, there are many systems built around many diverse concepts, with a lot of different practices mixed together for more effective proselytization and not for spiritual growth. 
  5. Second part of recommendation is to do pure actions. The only measure of a pure action is whatever action is acceptable or liked by God. As per my understanding action performed under direction from one's ego is tainted and unlikely to be pure. Actions done without being under influence of ego are acceptable.
  6. Ego, or a very proud and personal mental posturing, could be killed if one accepts teachings of a True Guru. Under effects of ego a person would have difficulty in accepting teachings of a particular scripture. 
  7. The reason for performing above religious practice is not only obedience to scripture or God, as is popularly described in culture. But another important reason is that without performing the above actions, the natural laws would bind a person (soul), and may result in an unpleasant experience for a person, sometimes extending till eternity.
-x-

For people who might think that above practice is very self-centered, they should realize that world continues with or without any person or thing. A view to the contrary may be misplaced pride or conceit, making people think that the world depends on them, or that they have an obligation to the world. A lot of great people have come, done great work, and gone, but life continues without them. World will continue to have more people, but you and me may have only one life.

It is true that proper functioning of society is based on different work being performed by different people, and reasonable responsible action performed by each of us is good for us and society. But beyond basic constructive involvement, beyond natural calling, which could involve social service and sacrifice for some people, it may just be pride or exploitation, if there is a feeling of conceit or obligation. And everybody contributes in their own way for growth of society, and comparisons are mostly futile. A lone researcher developing a medicine, a banker raising money to finance mass-production of the medicine, or a social-worker administering medicine to the impoverished, everybody contributes.
=========================================================================
=1=======================================================================
Saraba dharama mahi srēsaṭa dharamu.
Hari kō nāmu japi niramala karamu.
Sagala kri'ā mahi ūtama kiri'ā.
Sādhasangi duramati malu hiri'ā.
Sagala udama mahi udamu bhalā.
Hari kā nāmu japahu jī'a sadā.
Sagala bānī mahi amrita bānī.
Hari kō jasu suni rasana bakhānī.
Sagala thāna tē ōhu ūtama thānu.
Nānaka jiha ghaṭi vasai hari nāmu.8.3.
-----------------
Translation:
Of all religions the foremost religion,
Chant Name of God, and pure actions,

Of all rituals, the best ritual,
Remove false thinking in company of holy,
Of all efforts, the best effort,
Chant the Name of God in mind always,
Of all speech, the elixir speech,
Listen God's praise and chant with tongue,
Of all places the best place,
Nanak, the place where Name of God lives.||8||3||


[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 266:40-49]
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse gives details of few desirable endeavors. The foremost religious and spiritual practice is to chant the Name of God and perform pure actions. Pure actions are actions done without the influence of ego or sense of ownership, or in other words, actions are pure if they are not corrupted and directed by ego.

The verse tells that best ritual is to remove false thinking by interacting with holy people. Best efforts that a person can make in life is chanting the Name of God. Best speech is God's praise. Best place is where God's Name is chanted and remembered.
=========================================================================
=2=======================================================================
Prānī ka'unu upā'u karai.
Jā tē bhagati rāma kī pāvai jama kō trāsu harai.1. Rahā'u.
Ka'unu karama bidi'ā kahu kaisī dharamu ka'unu phuni kara'ī.
Ka'unu nāmu gura jā kai simarai bhava sāgara ka'u tara'ī.1.
Kala mai ēku nāmu kirapā nidhi jāhi japai gati pāvai.
A'ura dharama tā kai sama nāhani iha bidhi bēdu batāvai.2.
-----------------
Translation:
What efforts should a mortal make,
To receive devotion for God, and remove fear of death.||1||Pause||
What actions, tell which knowledge, what religion to practice,
Which Name of which Guru to remember, to swim across the sea of life.||1||
In Kali yug One Name, is mercy and treasure, chanting which one gets salvation,
Other religion does not compare, this method Veda tells.||2||

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 632:16-21]
=======================================
Commentary:

In this verse some important questions are asked and answered. Questions like, what efforts should one make, how can a person develop devotion to God, what is right religious practice, what Name to chant? The verse specifies that the Vedas answer above questions, and also tell the most effective way of achieving salvation. The answer is to chant the Name of God.
=========================================================================
=3=======================================================================
Kalijuga kā dharamu kahahu tuma bhā'ī kiva chūṭaha hama chuṭakākī.
Hari hari japu bēṛī hari tulahā hari japi'ō tarai tarākī.1.
Hari jī lāja rakhahu hari jana kī.
Hari hari japanu japāvahu apanā hama māgī bhagati ikākī. Rahā'u.
-----------------
Translation:
Brother tell the dharma for kaliyug, how can we desiring of release be released,
Chant God, God, God is boat and raft, chanting God the swimmer swims across.||1||
Dear God save honour of your people,
Make me chant God, God, I beg for devotion to One God.||Pause||

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 668:13-16]
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse begins with question regarding most effective conduct for present age, for a person who desires salvation. Again chanting the Name of God is recommended. The Name of God will act as a raft for the soul, which will preserve honor of a person. If a person lacks devotion or faith in Name of God, a person could pray for receiving the same.
=========================================================================
=4=======================================================================
Nāmu guri dī'ō hai apunai jā kai masataki karamā.
Nāmu driṛāvai nāmu japāvai tā kā juga mahi dharamā.1.
Jana ka'u nāmu vaḍā'ī sōbha.
Nāmō gati nāmō pati jana kī mānai jō jō hōga.1. Rahā'u.
Nāma dhanu jisu jana kai pālai sō'ī pūrā sāhā.
Nāmu bi'uhārā nānaka ādhārā nāmu parāpati lāhā.2.6.37.
-----------------
Translation:
Guru gives Name, one who has such destiny written on forehead,
Implants Name, makes us chant his Name, the dharma for this age.||1||
Name is greatness and beauty for people,
Name is salvation, Name is honor for people, who accept whatever happens.||1||Pause||
Person who has God's Name is perfect king,
Nanak deals in Name, Name is support, obtain profit of Name.||2||6||37||

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 680:13-18]
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse reiterates importance of Name of God, and also introduces an important concept of accepting things as they are. Another article would cover the details of accepting things as they happen. Accepting things that are fortunate or unfortunate for us personally, or for others, or for larger society and civilization. Last statement is a view point easily misunderstood, and sometimes can be abused in arguments. But the fact is that there is no choice in things that have already occurred, as past events cannot change, but can ruin our present and future if people carry a grudge. People can act to change things for present or in future, but for past there is no choice except mentally accepting them.
=========================================================================
=5=======================================================================
Hari hari karata miṭē sabhi bharamā.
Hari kō nāmu lai ūtama dharamā.
-----------------
Translation:
Chanting God, God, removes all ignorance,
Taking Name of God is noble religion.

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 874:16-17]
=======================================
Commentary:

This verse introduces another concept of one of the benefits of chanting the Name of God, which helps mind get rid of ignorance, and would be covered in detail in another article. It is important to note that not all chanting and meditation is equal, and the object or words of meditation and chanting make all the difference.
=========================================================================
=6=======================================================================
Ihu nidhānu japai mani kō'i.
Sabha juga mahi tā kī gati hō'i.
Guṇa gōbida nāma dhuni bāṇī.
Simriti sāsatra bēda bakhāṇī.
Sagala matānta kēvala hari nāma.
Gōbinda bhagata kai mani bisrāma.
Kōṭi aprādha sādhasangi miṭai.
Santa kripā tē jama tē chuṭai.
Jā kai masataki karama prabhi pā'ē.
Sādha saraṇi nānaka tē ā'ē.7.
-----------------
Translation:
One whose mind chants this treasure,
In every age he finds salvation,
Names of God's qualities, tune and speech,
Smritees, Shashtras, and Vedas speak,
Complete doctrine is only the Name of God,

It resides in the mind of devotees,
Crores of sins are erased in holy company,
By saint's blessing one escapes messengers of death,
On whose forehead God puts blessing,
Nanak, such people come in saint's refuge.||7||

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 296:8-17]
=======================================
Commentary:

Some of the different Names of God actually describe different qualities of God, and all are good. Any Name of God can bring salvation to a person in any age or time. Ancient Indian scriptures describe that the complete essence of dharma is contained in the Name of God. I understand it as respecting Name of God, building faith in God's Name, and chanting the Names in praise of God. Why this would work would be covered in some other articles.

It is true that religion and spirituality teaching today has become much more complicated than the essence, and it is up to individual person to decide what path to follow. A person is free to decide and choose for oneself, and the consequences of personal choice are also for the person alone, to enjoy or to suffer.
=========================================================================
=7=======================================================================
Sādhasangami hari arādhē sagala kalamala dukha jalē.
Mahā dharama sudāna kiri'ā sangi tērai sē calē.
Rasanā arādhai ēku su'āmī hari nāmi manu tanu bhīnā.
Nānaka jisa nō hari milā'ē sō saraba guṇa parabīnā.4.6.9.
-----------------
Translation:
Remembering God in company of holy, all distress and affliction are burnt,
This is great religion, good charity, actions which will go with you,
Tongue remembers one Master, mind, body are enraptured by God's Name,

O Nanak, whom God unites, they have all qualities and wisdom.||4||6||9||

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 548:15-18]
=======================================
Commentary:

Remembering God in company of other believers helps people to sail through grief and sorrows. This is considered good conduct, great dharma. It is also an act of charity as people spend some moments of their limited lifetime in holy company, collectively remembering the Name of God for mutual benefit.
=========================================================================
=8=======================================================================
Gura kī sēvā sabadu vīcāru.
Ha'umai mārē karaṇī sāru.7.
-----------------
Translation:
The service to a Guru is pondering over His word,
Kill your ego, essence of action.||7||


[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 223:40-41]
=======================================
Commentary:

This and the next verse cover the second part of the recommendation. What is a pure action? The verse recommends killing one's ego, the sense of doership for performing pure actions. The point that I have understood about action is that many actions are inevitable, and are needed for proper functioning of body, and society. For voluntary actions also creating a list of actions that are good or bad is not possible, because use and purpose of action changes with situations.

What one thing could we change about action, that would be applicable to all actions, is changing our perspective. Some of the most important functions of body we do involuntarily without actual control, like digesting food, beating heart, and others. The spiritual perspective is to extend that concept to all actions, because soul and body are two different things. We, the person or the soul, are responsible and in control of our thoughts and mind, but a lot of actions of the body are out of our control, much like a lot of actions of a vehicle are out of our control, even if we are riding the vehicle. More details in next verse.

Another important concept is discussed in the above verse. True service of a spiritual teacher and mentor, is to ponder over the teachings of the teacher and learn from them. Many people would give external respect to a mentor, but few make efforts to understand the teachings. Specially if a teacher has passed on, while words of the teacher remain with us, if such is the case then respectfully pondering and learning from the teaching and words of the mentor is an important service to the teacher.
=========================================================================
=9=======================================================================
Jaba lagu jānai mujha tē kachu hō'i.
Taba isa ka'u sukhu nāhī kō'i.
Jaba iha jānai mai kichu karatā.
Taba lagu garabha jōni mahi phiratā.
Jaba dhārai kō'ū bairī mītu.
Taba lagu nihacalu nāhī cītu.
Jaba lagu mōha magana sangi mā'i.
Taba lagu dharama rā'i dē'i sajā'i.
Prabha kirapā tē bandhana tūṭai.
Gura prasādi nānaka ha'u chūṭai.4.
-----------------
Translation:
Till one thinks "I cause something to happen",
Then one has no peace,

Till one thinks "I do something",
Till then one wanders in womb,

When one believes some are friend and foe,
Till then consciousness is not stable,
Till one is attached and intoxicated by maya,
Till then righteous judge gives punishment,
By God's grace these fetters break,
O Nanak, by Guru's grace, ego ends.||4||

[Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Page 278:49-58] 
=======================================
Commentary:

My understanding of the concept of actions presented in above verse is different from few popular concepts of performing actions. The basic point is that soul being a intangible entity, soul's actions are also intangible, which are thoughts, words, feelings, prayers, ambitions, and other mental activities. A person, or intangible soul, is only responsible for its intangible actions, unless it takes ownership of the actions performed by its body, becomes attached with them.

Physical actions performed by physical body only count in the physical realm. A soul is responsible and suffers due to actions of the body only if the soul is attached to the actions performed by the body, else the physical actions are just part and parcel of the natural bodily existence. A soul which binds itself to things of this world will face transmigration, and also suffer when things do not go as desired. Till a person thinks that a person does something, till then a person would be unstable, vacillating between joy and suffering

A person is as responsible for actions of own body, as the activities of a vehicle or a cab that it is riding. Person is only inside a cab until the end of a ride, and as long as the person does not cause any laws to be broken during the ride it is all OK at the end of the ride to leave the vehicle. But a soul is responsible for everything that goes on in the mind. If we think about it, the relationship between a rider and driver is very complicated to that of a vehicle that it is riding/driving, with multiple choices at multiple levels. Question of free will and achievement become very complicated if we consider the above analogy.
Soul is on a very mortal ride with its body,
The body will last for a single lifetime.
When a trip is over, or the life is at an end,
The body leaves the cab, and soul leaves the body.

That is all there is to it,
Unless a soul ties itself,
With mindless attachments,
To the body or the cab.

When a person becomes over-ambitious and uses the body for non-essential activities, as an expression of unreasonable personal ambitions, sometimes unnatural, then the actions and their consequences, called karma, eventually bind the person (soul).
To stab someone is a crime of the body,
An unkind word is a crime of the soul,
To kill someone is a crime of the body,
Breaking a heart is a crime of the soul.

Discipline of the body will not fix the soul,
Nor will flight of soul be hindered by a body,
Unless the soul seeks to bind itself,
To the limits and actions of the body.
Thoughts, words, attachments, feelings,
Bind the mind and the soul.
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------------------------------------------------------------------
-x-

Friday, March 30, 2018

To rally people in the Name of God

A favorite grouse of atheists and rationalists, when talking about religion or God, is that belief in religion and God has caused a lot of violence throughout history. The real answer may be more complex. In this post I would focus exclusively on monotheistic God and faiths. Non-monotheistic faith is not an area of my study or devotion.

During any war, short or extended, their is a great need for courage and also unquestionable obedience of the troops involved, be it a regimented army or a vigilante group or civilian mobs. And over the years people have found that rallying people in the Name of God is more effective than rallying for other causes or reasons. And it also costs less money, in fact people might act for free.

Mere mention of Will of God, or Name of God, has an affect on human mind. It triggers an urgent need to obey unquestionably and a lack of concern to the resulting consequence. It has for me at least, and maybe on other human minds also. Power lobbies everywhere have found this fact useful to rally people for their particular purpose. They have used words like 'For God' or 'In the Name of God' or some similar associated phrase as part of their campaigns, and added their particular concerns around these phrases, giving an impression that there is a Divine Sanction to their particular agenda, but which is seldom the case. In reality they may lack any concern for God's Will or His people, and only want to use God's Name as a catalyst. And who among us can claim to know the Will of God? Only a saint, or a delusional, or a liar, or whomever God chooses to reveal His words. This principle of influence would apply to any desired action, and not just war.

-
For the truly faithful,
God alone is enough,
God's Will is reason enough.

For the truly devious,
Or for the genuinely lost,
God alone is never enough,
God's Will is just a means,
To achieve a secondary goal,
To rally support for their concerns,
And concerns of people are many,
Concerns of kings, or queens, or nations,
Of lands and its people, of pride, or tribe,
And support for so many other things.
Human concerns are their own,
And remembering God can help,
Help them carry on in their quest,
But be aware, that God's concern is for all.

Many people of faith,
Have been led to violent wars,
And met with violent ends,
In the Name of God,
When not many knew,
What they were really fighting for.

Faithful lose way for lack of knowledge,
Knowledge of the Will of God.
If a person feels the need to serve,
Serve something more than God's purpose,
Know that the person may be lacking in faith.

It is important to realize that God does not need help,
Humans are in need of God's help,
If God needs a human to do His works,
Then probably it is not God.

And surely God does not need any help to fight His wars,
Nor to manifest His Will on Earth,
He may use humans, or anyone else for that matter,
But be aware that He is not in need.

We are helpless without God,
And not the other way round,
God does not need anybody to fight His wars,
We need God to fight our wars.

Anyone who uses God's Name,
To rally people to war or strife,
For an unjust or a wicked cause,
Know that blood is on their hands,
A cause is just or unjust as per Will of God,
And not by human choice or sanction,
And like most things in life,
Conscience and reason are our true guide.

--

Coming back to the original statement of this post. Are God and religion really responsible for death and destruction in society? For me the correct answer is 'No'! The correct answer may be that human beings are restless, and can go to any length to meet their objectives. Human beings have an insatiable desire for power, riches, glory and a lot of other things, and humans are crafty, very crafty indeed. They can use any possible reason to convince themselves and others of the justness of their particular cause, which may or may not involve violence. Some of the primary catalysts to move human beings to action are pride, honor, family, nationalism, divine will, race, caste, religion, greed, love, fear of loss, lust for power, hate, service of society, empathy, and many others. Of all these catalysts, God or Divine Will is the most potent, and power lobbies have found ways to mix their personal agendas with God's Will cleverly, so that it has become difficult for the faithful to discern the real motives behind different calls to action. Divine Will is a catalyst and not a reason for violence, and in absence of it, the power lobbies would have used some other catalyst to goad people to violence.
 -
If all religions preach peace,
But still there is war and strife,
In the Name of God and religion,
Then truly something is amiss,
More is hidden, lesser is known.

To seek knowledge is good,
But also seek discernment,
To see things as they truly are,
And not as you think they should be.

 -x-

Saturday, March 3, 2018

The one true religion!

What is the one true religion? Most will name their own. But most likely this question cannot be answered convincingly by most people. Once I have selected a religion to follow, then that becomes the only true religion for me to pursue. Others may choose other religions to pursue, which will become the only true religion for them. A person cannot travel on two boats, at least that is what I believe. Each person chooses on which boat to travel, and it will most likely be only one. Trying to travel on multiple boats may seem like a challenge, or socially polite, but I am not sure, for the waters can be deep.


I do not know the one true religion,
But I do know this,
Sun is not the only star,
Rose is not the only flower,
Lion is not the only animal,
Eagle not the only bird,
There are many cities,
There are many highways,
World is rich in choice,
But each choice has its own color,
Each choice has a consequence,
Free to choose, but own your choice,
For each choice will have a consequence,
Each choice leads to a destination,
Choose wherever you are willing to go,
There may be as many true paths, 
As many the Creator wishes to create,
To insist otherwise would be to doubt the might of the Creator,
How many I do not know for certain, for I am just a human,
I am not privy to the Creator's mind,
Nor know all the nature's secrets.


Each religion has a theology and a philosophy, which may or may not overlap with other religions. But what each religion promises is a definite or an indefinite outcome for a practitioner who wishes to follow its path. Following are some of the different things promised by different religions to their followers:

  1. A peaceful or blissful present life
  2. A peaceful or blissful afterlife
  3. Liberation from transmigration
  4. Liberation from sin
  5. Eternal companionship with God
  6. Everlasting bliss
  7. Personal deification
  8. Fame in present life or afterlife
  9. Wealth in present life or afterlife
  10. Other material pleasures in present life or afterlife
  11. More esoteric things like higher consciousness which are difficult to understand
  12. Continuation of tradition, customs, and culture
  13. Appeasement of ancestors, society, spirits, authority, gods, or other real or imaginary things
  14. And maybe many other things...
A religion would generally promise a follower some of the above goals. So a follower needs to realize that focusing on some goals alone, may make the other things out of reach. Read the promises well, what is claimed and what remains hidden.

Now whether these claims are true or false I don't know. The belief in these claims started originally with the teachings of respective founders and prophets, and it is for each person to decide what to believe in and what not to believe in, what goal to pursue and what goal to leave, what path to follow and what path to leave behind.

The important thing here is to realize that apparently there could be everlasting consequences of the personal choice made by an individual. People might claim that all religions are same, and any could be followed. But studying about the different religions will give a person a more comprehensive perspective, and a better understanding about the goals of each religion. Saying all paths are same, may generally mean the person making this claim does not have much knowledge of any of the paths involved. I do know that different religious paths may promise different destinations to their followers, and have different deities and rituals, and it is up to each person what he or she wants to pursue in life. Where does a person want to invest or spend his or her life, and what return does a person expect from this investment in a lifelong faith? Is faith for an eternal goal, or for service of others, or for being one with the crowd? Where does your faith promise to take you?

There is a secondary and equally important question, after a personal destination (religion) has been decided by the person. The secondary question is, whether the path chosen will actually lead the person to the promised destination. This is a question which can only be answered in the seeker's mind, either by simply believing the teaching of the founders of religions, or by actually traveling the path, but few are known to reach the destination.

As with most things in life, 
it is almost impossible to make a definite bet. 
This is the ultimate gamble of life. 
Where will you invest your life, on which belief? 
Believe, or some would say bet, on what,
In ephemeral pleasure, or in pleasing society, 
or maybe on mortal or eternal goals. 
Welcome to the earthy casino of life,
Wheel is spinning, and the clock is ticking,
Destiny, the croupier with a wry smile invites you,
Invites you to place your bets,
Your eternal destiny is at stake,
For the price of this one life,
For the price of a decision and a belief,
Place your bet, for time is running out,
Time will run out, bet on an eternal consequence,
A consequence which each will meet alone,
Without the company of a friend or foe,
A consequence of suffering or bliss,
Indecision will not slow down the clock,
For some this gamble can be overwhelming,
And they may look the other way,
As they try to find meaning and reason,
Believing there is no substance in eternal fate,
But time will not stop, neither for me nor for you,
The game of life is already afoot,
Try not to let your mind fool you,
But who can claim to never have been fooled.

So like everything in this world, there is endless diversity. Each religion offers a path to follow and a destination. Paths may meet at some places, and may lead to similar or different destinations. Choose the path based on where you want to go. Each path may take you where it promises to go, and hope your map is accurate.

Know where you want to go before starting a journey,
If you do not know where your faith will lead you,
You might reach a place where you do not want to be,
 If a mentor refuses to explain in simple terms,
In simple words that do not confuse nor sting,
Then perhaps you are being taken for a ride.


-x-

Sunday, January 28, 2018

One of the reasons why I believe in God

There are many reasons why I believe in a monotheistic God. In this post I will just share one of the reasons. As per my understanding, if different religions or a set of people claim to worship a monotheistic God, who is the creator of the world and who has no equal, then I believe they must be referring to the same God, irrespective of the fact that such groups of people will have some differences. If it were not the same God, then having 'no equal' statement would not hold, as individual claims would give 'multiple all powerful Gods', which is an oxymoron (because if there are two all powerful Gods, they will not remain 'all powerful' in front of the other, but would be an equal).

It is like different groups of scientists set out to study properties of the largest known galaxy, IC 1101, and they might call the galaxy by different names, may find different properties of the galaxy, focus on different aspects, but still the galaxy IC 1101 does not become two or more galaxies. If some groups of people start worshiping the largest galaxy, in different ways, giving it different names, still it would remain a single galaxy. Many people do worship some planets and stars in their own respective ways, but the planets and stars remain a single entity irrespective of how many different ways different groups worship a star or a planet.

Of the religious groups which I have studied as a theology hobbyist, the mains one include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, monotheistic aspects in Hinduism and my own religion, Sikhism. I do not claim to have any authoritative knowledge on any of them, but I have tried to understand whatever I could.

During my studies I found an interesting aspect, although it is already well known in theological circles, but I found it fascinating, and feel not much emphasis has been laid on this aspect, especially in popular culture. Judaism believes in prophets of the Old Testament. Christianity believes in all the Jewish prophets from the Old Testament, and also believes in prophets of the New Testament, including Jesus Christ. Islam believes in all the prophets of Old and New Testament, while also believing in Prophet Mohammad, who is mentioned in The Koran (Koran mentions Jesus Christ often, as also prophets Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and others). These three religions, of middle eastern origin, worship the God of Abraham, Issac and Jacob. It is like three tributaries of the river of monotheism arising in the middle east.

The monotheistic theology originating from Indian sub-continent includes Sikhism and some aspects of Hinduism. Sikhs believe in Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji as their religious guide and mentor. Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji contains verses describing a monotheistic theology, and the verses were contributed by some Sikh Gurus themselves, and others were collected by the Sikh Gurus but were originally written by few Hindu and Muslim saints from the Indian sub-subcontinent. We could say there are three tributaries of the river of monotheism in Indian sub-continent, two new and third continuing from middle east.

Above is a very simplistic description of my understanding. It might be important to note that one of Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, Saint Thomas, actually arrived in South India around 50 AD (as per Wikipedia). I believe influence of Saint Thomas's arrival in India is a topic which has not been studied much, and it is possible that some aspects of his teachings merged with or influenced the monotheistic theology of the Indian subcontinent, of which very little details are known.

Another important aspect is that the verses in the scriptures of any of the above monotheistic religions are attributed to some saints and prophets, but many of the saints and prophets claimed that the origin of the words is from God alone, as the words and the wisdom they convey were revealed to them. I have no way of proving this statement but I just mentioned it for sake of completeness, and also to highlight the common aspect of the different scriptures.

Coming to the next part of this post I would like to mention the number of primary prophets and saints that are mentioned in each of the above monotheistic religions or their scriptures. All data is taken from Wikipedia, and in no way I claim that the data is complete. I will come to the reason later, of why I share the list here.
It is important to note that above numbers include actual historical figures, and historical records are available for most of them. Each of above people believed in a monotheistic God. Most of them were not college professors who are paid for writing new fancy theories, books and articles, nor were they arm-chair philosophers whose interest in theology was limited to a spirited conversation during free time, and neither were they conquerors interested in gaining territory and taxes. For most part they had normal lives, not unlike a passionate entrepreneur or scientist today, and they insisted to have a belief because they thought it is true. Also, some of the people in the above list actually had very difficult lives, and faced immense resistance during life for their beliefs, sometimes brutal resistance, but they still held on to their belief. What was the reason for their beliefs? Why did they continue to believe in what they believed, in spite of all the resistance that they faced?

There are three possibilities regarding a person's belief, the person believes in truth, the person believes in a delusion, or the person is lying. Each individual, including you and me, have to make a decision in our life regarding the beliefs of the people in the above list, whether it is true or not. I have made mine. I believe that the people in the above list believed in a truth when they said that there is one God, all powerful and creator of all there is. I have no reason to believe that they were either lying or were delusional.

There may be many aspects of their life which cannot be explained logically, or maybe some of the stories are fabricated or have turned into exaggerated myths, but is it not true with all history. It's always hard to tell in history what is true or what is not true. As for me, I am only interested in one aspect of the stories and myth, and that is that they all believed in one God, who is all powerful. I don't have enough time and resources in this life to validate all the other myths and stories that I hear and read about the different people in the above list, but it does not matter. Because I take the only unquestionable piece of information at face value, that is common in the belief of all the legendary people of the above list, and that is 'There is one God'.

So one of reasons why I believe in a monotheistic God is that everyone listed in the above list believed in a monotheistic God. It might seem a very weak reason in a society obsessed with individuality, but facts are true or false, and individuality is a misplaced concept when discussing accuracy of a potential fact (i.e. something or someone exists or does not exist irrespective how you or anyone else thinks about it). I have no reason to suspect that the belief of people in the above list was mistaken, and actually many aspects of their individual life and the effect that they had on society during their lifetime is awe inspiring (even if we do not consider the miracles associated with them, that cannot be logically explained). Many cults and kingdoms have come and gone, but affect of people in the above list has sustained through the test of time. That alone could be a good enough reason for most people to consider their teachings seriously.

-x-

Friday, August 18, 2017

Conflicting maps to the road in the afterlife? Does it matter?

Most of the Eastern religions believe in transmigration, that generally a soul undergoes continuous unending cycle of birth and death, out of which there is a way. While the religions of Mid-Eastern origin believe that after current human birth, the soul undergoes a final judgement with eternal consequence of having to live in either heaven or hell.

Once while discussing this with a friend, my friend pointed out that one of these two paths have to be correct and other incorrect (transmigration or final judgement). I disagreed, following are my reasons for the same.

Human mind requires simple straightforward theories, and complex things are generally simplified until they can be understood. Nature is complex. Founders of religions gave simple views to the nature of life and death that was enough for the disciples to understand the importance of current life, and to explain the intricacies of afterlife was not their primary goal, although they might have described some parts of it but not completely.

It is like traveling on a mountain road, and a sharp blind turn lies ahead. Different religions have put up different signposts of warning before the turn, and not all the signboards tell the same thing, but do have enough common highlights for a human mind to take notice and realize that something is coming. Following are some of the main common things written on the signposts:
  1. Death is imminent, and will follow life
  2. Our actions and choices in this life can have eternal consequences for personal soul
  3. Eternal consequences can be desirable and undesirable, based on pain or joy that will be experienced in each of the possible consequences
  4. Mortal would be well-advised to prefer a path of desirable consequences
  5. Choice rests with an individual to choose a path, and work own salvation or its contrary, whatever it might be

Now, whether the warning messages on the signposts are correct or not, I don't know. I doubt any normal human being can give evidence for the above claims except for the first, which is obvious.

But is it not important to at least realize that almost all religions we know of have a warning about what's coming after the sharp blind turn on the mountain road, of what's coming after death? The details may differ but we will come to that later, but it is important to realize that there is a common thread of warning. My point is, is it not reason enough to at least take notice and investigate further.

Coming to the differences about the message on the signposts. They primarily deal with following:
  1. Some religions say that a soul transmigrates life after life until final salvation or liberation is achieved, and other religions say soul has a final judgement after this life and experiences eternal heaven or hell based on the result of the judgement. Furthermore religions have difference of opinion on the nature of transmigration, heaven and hell.
  2. Some religions say that a person could work out his/her own salvation, while other religions say that liberation is based on grace from God, or a saint, or some other way.
Regarding the first difference, for a normal human like me and you there is no way to find out the truth until after death, and then it apparently is too late to act on the information. It is a "Catch 22" situation. But does the difference really matter that much at this point in life, it is clear that the the mountain road has a sharp turn, and then after that there may be speed-breakers or other sharp turns, or a wall, we will know when we reach there. But the warning and religious instruction is for us to slow down right now, and probably reflect our best course of action as we inevitably approach the sharp and fatal turn on the high mountain road. But if a person does think about saving for the rainy day, or investing for retirement, or buying an insurance, and other things of the future, then sparing a thought on this matter may be good and possibly useful.

But, if one really needs to know the correct answer, then I believe there is no single correct answer:

There are too many paths and too many destinations, 
When the confused mind is looking for just one.


Not all rain drops from a cloud reach the ocean, 
They might after an eternity, but eternity can be long.


Regarding the second difference, it really is a personal decision based on the teaching that a person chooses to follow, and the destination that the teaching promises, along with the risk of actual effectiveness of the teaching in fulfilling its promise. Whether the path of choosing would work, I don't know:

Each to his own choice, burden and ferry.

-x-

Wednesday, July 5, 2017

Limits to science... can science be applied to everything (specially spirituality)?

Science by definition needs objective peer review to confirm validity of a phenomenon. Anything which cannot be objectively measured, or at least subjectively measured/observed by considerable number of people, is considered false or unscientific. In the current post we consider limits to application of science** to spiritual and/or religious experience.

The verifiable criteria for science is its strength and also it's weakness. It is, in a way, democratization of reality (more precisely, "democratization of our understanding of reality"), which neutralizes any possibility of outliers as unscientific, an anomaly. If an artist feels exhilaration while painting or performing a musical piece, but other people do not while doing the same thing, then is the artist's exhilaration fake (or unscientific) as it is not verifiable objectively (plugging in measuring equipment, assuming it can measure subjective experience, may cause change in artist's body parameters, by virtue of being plugged in)?

Reliance on peer review, approval and verification, also brings up an interesting possibility that "anything which cannot be peer reviewed and verified is beyond the scope of science, and science cannot be used to explain such phenomena as it is not equipped for it."

To elaborate, the scientific method has, when applied to spirituality, following main subjective steps (taken from Wikipedia diagram titled, "The scientific method as a cyclic or iterative process"):
  1. Make observations
  2. Develop testable predictions
  3. Gather data to test predictions
Rest of the steps in the cyclic method are not considered for the purpose of present discussion. For the above steps, there is no reliable scientific equipment to measure subjective spiritual experience (not that I know of), and the human body/mind is the only way to make observations, gather data, and verify test results in such scenarios. The variations of human mind/body/mood/training/environment is so vast that it is difficult to measure any type of data reliably and make predictions. The same people attending the same classes display different characteristics. Experimental psychology and psychiatry have a very high level of approximation.

To add to the complexity of verifying spiritual experience, by definition spiritual experience has very low chance of manifesting itself (not everybody trying to hear from God does hear from God, but stories of prophets tell that they did hear from God, but it seemed like a special privilege). 

In a nutshell, the problem of applying science to spiritual/religious experience is "How can science be used to verify and explain sparsely occurring phenomena, for which there is no definite method to collect positive data" (positive data is that which can confirm the phenomena). We can say that a phenomena is just hearsay, or superstition because millions tried to get an experience but failed. But we need to remember that even if one of the persons who claim to have a spiritual experience is telling the 'truth', then it is real. And so perhaps the fact is that science is not mature enough to be applied to this particular set of problems.

Science is a very reliable hammer, but not every problem in the world is a nail.

Some religious and spiritual experience reported by few outliers may come in this category. No doubt there are more than enough false claims to fool the gullible, but even if there is a single 'genuine' claim, is that not a reason enough for further investigation.

To recap - as highlighted above, the most common equipment used to measure a subjective experience is the human body/mind itself. And going by the differences (physical and psychological) in the human body/mind as a measurement tool, there is a high degree of possibility that even true claims may remain unverifiable. How many times does it happen that in a jungle safari only a few people of the group may catch glimpse of an elusive animal in the act of a hunt, never to be seen again for a long time. Professional photographers have to pitch tent for years before they are able to get truly detailed pictures in some cases. How many of scientists are willing to pitch tent with same amount of patience for a glimpse of the unexplained, specially when there is no likelihood of getting a funding? Human subjects cannot measure/observe in equal capacity. This shortcoming is generally overcome by increasing number of subjects whose feedback is considered to reduce error and personal bias. But is voting a science (I called it voting because beliefs could potentially alter experience, so even if a person votes honestly, they might have experienced different things because of different beliefs)? Basically conventional science has little place for subjective phenomena, which is generally identified as an anomaly, but highlights the limitation of science also.

Another interesting aspect of a scientific claim is that it has to be falsifiable. So in effect all theories are true until we get sufficient data to disprove it, basically a theory is waiting to be invalidated as more data is gathered. A scientific theory is waiting to be replaced by a better theory. This brings up another interesting question - Can science really be used to explain and address absolute facts (absolute truths), as it might seem that there is no (or little) space for absolute facts/truths in science?**
-x-

**Note: My knowledge of the "philosophy of science" is limited, but it is an interesting subject which deals with what science is and how reliable it can be. I would encourage rationalists (and atheists), the self proclaimed champions of science, to spend time understanding where science can be applied or cannot be applied, before they "bet the ranch" on reason and science.
-x-

PS: The above post does not cover a person applying the scientific method on self, and systematically trying to understand personal experience which are of a spiritual/religious nature. I believe this should be possible (because the data gathering equipment remains same, the body and mind of self), but what may not be as effective is trying to get the resulting theories, which came out of personal experience, verified by the wider scientific community. So there is always the risk of misunderstanding a personal experience, due to lack of peer-verification.

-x-

This may well be a path on which you have to walk alone,
For if you seek the comfort of company,
Know that you might be on a different path,
You alone need to convince your mind,
Of the truth that you can perceive,
But if you do find a like mind, do not forget gratitude.

-x-